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Topical cosmetic only. Alpha-arbutin is typically used at roughly 1-2% in leave-on serums, applied to areas of hyperpigmentation once or twice daily, usually alongside daily sunscreen and often with other brighteners. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Any time

Leave-on topical serum (≈1-2% alpha-arbutin)

Topical use, typically ~2-5% tranexamic acid in a serum applied to areas of melasma once or twice daily, alongside daily sunscreen. There is no oral or systemic dose in this cosmetic context — the ingested medication is a separate prescription use with clotting-risk considerations. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Any time

Leave-on topical serum (≈2-5% tranexamic acid)

• For topical (skin) use only — not for ingestion, not for injection
• Known allergy or sensitivity to arbutin or hydroquinone
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Other leave-on actives (acids, retinoids, other brighteners)

• Topical use here is for skin only — do not self-medicate with oral tranexamic acid for melasma without a clinician (clotting-risk considerations)
• Known allergy or sensitivity to tranexamic acid or formulation excipients
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Other leave-on brighteners/actives