Supplements for Athletic Performance

Complete protein with high leucine content that maximizes muscle protein synthesis.

Leucine metabolite with small benefits to muscle mass in clinical and older populations, but meta-analyses show no effect on body composition or strength in trained, healthy adults.

Complete essential amino acid blend that maximizes muscle protein synthesis — superior to BCAAs alone.

Increases phosphocreatine stores for faster ATP regeneration, boosting strength, power output, and cognitive function under stress.

Forms a stomach gel for 6-8 hours of sustained amino acid release — ideal for overnight muscle recovery and anti-catabolism.

NAD+ precursor that reliably raises blood NAD+; human functional benefits (energy, physical performance, metabolism) are still modest and mixed.

Recombinant human growth hormone — the classic performance and 'anti-aging' hormone. FDA-approved as a prescription injectable ONLY for growth-hormone deficiency and a handful of other conditions, where replacement reliably improves body composition. But its anti-aging and athletic reputation OUTSTRIPS the evidence: in healthy older adults and athletes, randomized trials and systematic reviews (Liu 2007/2008) show only small body-composition changes, NO functional or strength benefit, and MORE adverse events — edema, arthralgia, carpal tunnel, and impaired glucose tolerance. Distributing or using it for anti-aging or sport is illegal in the US, and it is NOT a dietary supplement. This is a gated harm-reduction reference, not a recommendation.

Supports 300+ enzymatic reactions — critical for sleep, stress response, muscle function, and cognitive health.

A vitamin B3 precursor that reliably raises cellular NAD+ levels and is well tolerated — but human trials have so far shown mostly null or mixed results on the functional outcomes (muscle, metabolism, blood pressure, cognition) that elevation is meant to drive.

Humans cannot synthesize this vitamin — required for collagen production, immune cell function, and iron absorption; athletes need more.

Hormone-like vitamin that regulates 1,000+ genes — deficiency is widespread and linked to poor immunity, depression, and bone loss.