20 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 6.5/10
Fielding R et al. • Nutrients (2018)
L-Carnitine supplementation significantly reduced exercise-induced muscle damage markers and improved recovery.
Mielgo-Ayuso J et al. • Nutrients (2021)
However, chronic or acute l-C or GPL-C supplementation did not present improvements on moderate exercise performance.
Elnashar A et al. • International urology and nephrology (2025)
We finally concluded that fertitonex is an effective, tolerable and safe drug that can be used for treating idiopathic male infertility.
Stefan M et al. • Nutrients (2021)
These findings agree with previous observations among healthy adult subjects and demonstrate that L-carnitine tartrate supplementation beyond 35 days is beneficial for improving recovery and reducing fatigue following exercise across gender and age.
Sawicka AK et al. • Nutrients (2018)
Positive and negative aspects of l-carnitine supplementation need to be clarified.
Naclerio F et al. • Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme (2014)
In conclusion, ingesting a multi-ingredient supplement before, during, and immediately after a 90-min intermittent sprint test resulted in no effects on performance and fatigue while the accumulation of some biomarkers of muscle damage could be attenuated.
Broad EM et al. • International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2011)
These responses suggest that LC may induce subtle changes in substrate handling in metabolically active tissues when fatty-acid availability is increased, but it does not affect whole-body substrate utilization during short-duration exercise at the intensities studied.
Kraemer WJ et al. • Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (2019)
[Small study, n=10] L-Carnitine L-Tartrate supplementation at 2 g/day upregulated androgen receptor content and improved muscle oxygenation during exercise.
Wall BT et al. • Journal of Physiology (2011)
[Small study, n=14] Carnitine increased muscle carnitine and improved exercise performance.
Volek JS et al. • The American journal of cardiology (2008)
In conclusion, consistent with other work showing a beneficial effect of carnitine on vascular function, these findings indicate that carnitine supplementation in healthy individuals improves postprandial FMD after a high-fat meal.
Kraemer WJ et al. • Medicine and science in sports and exercise (2006)
In summary, these data demonstrated that: 1) feeding after RE increased AR content, which may result in increased testosterone uptake, and thus enhanced luteinizing hormone secretion via feedback mechanisms; and 2) LCLT supplementation upregulated AR content, which may promote recovery from RE.
Ho JY et al. • Metabolism: clinical and experimental (2010)
After 3 weeks of each supplementation protocol, each participant then performed an acute resistance exercise challenge of 4 sets of 15 repetitions of squat/leg press at 50% 1-repetition maximum and...
Keller U et al. • European journal of clinical nutrition (2009)
This study confirms that plasma carnitine concentrations decline in the course of pregnancy, an effect that can be prevented by the supplementation of carnitine.
Spiering BA et al. • Journal of strength and conditioning research (2008)
Enhanced oxygen consumption would explain why hypoxic stress was attenuated with LCLT supplementation.
Broad EM et al. • International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2008)
The tendency toward suppressed ammonia accumulation, however, indicates that oral LC supplementation might have the potential to reduce the metabolic stress of exercise or alter ammonia production or removal, which warrants further investigation.
Spiering BA et al. • Journal of strength and conditioning research (2007)
Use of LCLT appears to attenuate metabolic stress and the hypoxic chain of events leading to muscle damage after exercise.
Broad EM et al. • International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2005)
Four weeks LCLT supplementation had no effect on substrate utilization or endurance performance.
Abramowicz WN et al. • International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2005)
Under these experimental conditions, chronic LCLT supplementation increased CHO oxidation in males during exercise but this was not observed in females.
Volek JS et al. • American Journal of Physiology (2002)
[Small study, n=10] LCLT reduced markers of metabolic stress and muscle damage.
Galloway SD et al. • Amino acids (2011)
LC effects on gastric emptying and/or direct 'insulin-like' actions on tissues should be examined in larger samples of overweight/obese and lean participants, respectively.