41 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10
Mohammadi S et al. • Nutrition journal (2023)
The findings of this study suggest that supplementation with MP may improve glycemic control in adults by reducing the values of fasting insulin, FBG, and HOMA-IR.
Mohammadi S et al. • Inflammopharmacology (2025)
This study revealed that MP supplementation may not have any considerable impacts on the levels of cytokines and adipokines.
Snijders T et al. • Nutrients (2019)
Pre-sleep casein protein ingestion augments muscle mass and strength gains during prolonged resistance training.
Küllenberg de Gaudry D et al. • Nutrition reviews (2019)
Human-based evidence from clinical trials and epidemiological studies published prior to October 2017 provides moderate certainty for adverse digestive health effects of A1 β-casein compared with A2 β-casein but low or very low certainty for other health effects.
Dela Cruz J et al. • Nutrients (2021)
A summary of the main findings shows limited to no effects on metabolism or appetite when ingesting 24-48 g of casein 30 min before sleep, but data are limited, and future research is needed to clarify the relationships observed.
Samsamikor M et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition (2024)
These results suggest that hemp protein consumption, as well as in combination with bioactive peptides, may have a role in the dietary management of hypertension.
Sadeghi R et al. • Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2025)
The simultaneous consumption of casein and probiotics significantly improved anaerobic power, isokinetic strength, and lower-body muscular endurance in male soccer players.
Rizzo J et al. • Nutrients (2023)
Dietary soy protein supplementation with isoflavones may improve skin photoaging, including wrinkles and dyspigmentation, and increase skin hydration in postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III.
Ramakrishnan M et al. • Nutrients (2020)
Consumption of milk containing A2 β-casein only is associated with fewer GI symptoms than consumption of conventional milk in lactose maldigesters.
Trommelen J et al. • Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) (2023)
Protein ingestion prior to sleep increases both mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from exercise.
Grootswagers P et al. • Aging (2021)
We conclude that a 12-week intervention with the novel supplement improved walking performance both during short and long distance as compared to a standard supplement, which can largely be explained by increased mitochondrial functioning in the group receiving the novel supplement.
Laatikainen R et al. • Nutrients (2020)
The mechanism remains to be resolved.
Schattinger CM et al. • The British journal of nutrition (2021)
In addition, these data demonstrate that menopause may not alter next-morning RMR, RER or appetite after pre-sleep consumption of CP.
Trommelen J et al. • Nutrients (2020)
Protein processing can strongly modulate the post-prandial rise in plasma amino acid bioavailability in vivo in humans.
Morehen S et al. • Nutrients (2019)
Pre-sleep protein intake does not affect next-morning appetite and energy intake and is therefore a viable strategy to increase daily protein intake in an older population.
Jonvik KL et al. • Medicine and science in sports and exercise (2019)
Protein supplementation after exercise and before sleep does not further augment the gains in whole-body oxidative capacity and endurance exercise performance after chronic endurance exercise training in recreationally active, healthy young males.
Markova M et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition (2018)
PP elicits greater postprandial increases in glucagon than does CP and consequently requires higher insulin to control glucose metabolism, which appears to be related to the rate of amino acid appearance.
Joy JM et al. • Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2018)
Both NT and DT protein consumption as part of a 24-h nutrition approach are effective for increasing strength and hypertrophy.
Madzima TA et al. • Nutrients (2018)
In conclusion, 48 g CP elicited favorable changes in morning RMR, with only trivial changes in RE performance.
Allman BR et al. • The Journal of nutrition (2020)
There was no difference between the effects of daytime and presleep PRO supplementation on SCAAT lipolysis or whole-body substrate utilization in resistance-trained women.