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Hp7.5
Hesperidin Research
Likely helpsHigh safety
47 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Likely helps
Hesperidin appears to help in 8 of 9 studies with measurable effects — the evidence leans clearly favourable.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2016–2026 with a typical study size of 98 participants.
Based on 47 studies · 12 meta-analyses · 16 RCTs · 13,201 total participants
Confidence
High
What the studies found
8helped1unclear· 38 more without graded effect data
By outcome
Glucose & metabolic
Mostly mechanism / observational11 studies
Heart & blood pressureImproved circulation and blood pressure within 4-8 weeks · 4-8 weeks
Mostly mechanism / observational10 studies
InflammationImproved vascular function and blood flow · 4-8 weeks
Likely helps10 studies
Cholesterol & lipidsImproved circulation and blood pressure within 4-8 weeks · 4-8 weeks
Mostly mechanism / observational6 studies
Weight management
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Endurance & exercise performance
Likely helps4 studies
Cognitive function
Mostly mechanism / observational4 studies
Safety profile
Too few graded studies2 studies
Therapeutic & clinical
Too few graded studies1 study
By the numbers
Pulled from 38 studies with measurable effects
Likely real effects
63%
across studies
People studied
13k
typical study: 98 people
Strongest designs
28
12 pooled, 16 randomised
Showed benefit
89%
8/9 studies
How long studies ran
Under a week
1
1–3 months
6
3+ months
1
Populations Studied
Adults4
Human adults2
Diabetes patients2
Amateur cyclists2
Active research area
34 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2024
201620212026
1Meta-AnalysisCited 35×n=3,852 · very large study2023
Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc.
Long Z et al. · Frontiers in immunology (2023)
Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc.
However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols.
2Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease parametersMeta-AnalysisCited 64×n=2,173 · very large study2022
Based on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes.
Yang K et al. · Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Based on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes.
For resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, and catechin, more RCTs are needed to further evaluate their efficacy and safety.
3Systolic blood pressure reductionMeta-AnalysisCited 7×n=656 · large study2024
The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.
Gao H et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2024)
The results of total population blood pressure showed that hesperidin had no antihypertensive effect on the population, but the conclusions changed when the population was divided into groups.
The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.
4Anthropometric measuresMeta-AnalysisCited 3×n=512 · large study2021
The present study revealed that there is no significant beneficial effect of orange juice and/or hesperidin supplementation on anthropometric measures.
Djafari F et al. · Clinical nutrition ESPEN (2021)
The present study revealed that there is no significant beneficial effect of orange juice and/or hesperidin supplementation on anthropometric measures.
6Blood pressure and lipid profileMeta-AnalysisCited 38×n=577 · large study2019
Future well-designed trials are still needed to confirm these results.
Mohammadi M et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)
No clear effect
← WorseNo effectBetter →
Effect sizes were pooled by using the random effects model.
Hesperidin supplement also had no effect on systolic (WMD = -0.85 mmHg; 95% CI [-3.07, 1.36]) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.48 mmHg; 95% CI [-2.39, 1.42]).
Hesperidin supplementation might not improve lipid profile and blood pressure.
7Neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's diseaseSystematic ReviewCited 13×2025
Few clinical trials have indicated that dietary supplements rich in hesperidin can improve cerebral blood flow, cognition, and memory performance.
Han X et al. · European journal of medicinal chemistry (2025)
Few clinical trials have indicated that dietary supplements rich in hesperidin can improve cerebral blood flow, cognition, and memory performance.
The neuroprotective effect of hesperidin may be exerted via regulating different molecular pathways, including the RAGE/NF-κB, Akt/Nrf2, and AMPK/BDNF/CREB pathways.
However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm the neuroprotective effects of this natural flavonoid compound and to assess its safety.
Still, the inconsistent results across the included RCTs require further clinical research to establish optimal dosage and duration.
Ranneh Y et al. · Nutrients (2024)
Most studies on silymarin showed a reduction in liver enzymes and lipid profile; however, no changes were observed in inflammatory cytokine levels.
The dietary supplementation of hesperidin and naringenin or green tea extract caused improvements in liver enzyme, lipid profile, and inflammatory cytokine, while genistein supplementation did not modulate blood lipid profile.
In conclusion, dietary supplementation of polyphenols could potentially prevent and ameliorate NAFLD.
9Salivary gland damage from oxidative stressSystematic ReviewCited 15×2023
Conclusions: Substances such as hesperidin, selenium, 10-dehydrogingerdione, and glycyrrhizic acid are antioxidants with proven restorative effects on salivary glands for the damage induced by oxidative stress after exposure to drugs and other chemical substances; however, demonstrating their similar effects in human salivary glands is challenging.
Ungureanu LB et al. · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2023)
Results: Out of 1756 articles, 25 articles were selected with data on tissue homogenate used for biochemical analysis of oxidative and antioxidative markers, along with routine hematoxylin eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis used for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis.
Drugs (antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, and analgesics), alcohol, heavy metals, and fluoride can cause oxidative stress, resulting in morphological changes in different tissues, including in salivary glands.
10Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responseMeta-AnalysisCited 37×2023
As a result, it can be said that hesperidin supplementation contributes to the inflammatory and antioxidant response, but this contribution is independent of dosage.
Buzdağlı Y et al. · International journal of environmental health research (2023)
Google Scholar, PubMed, grey literature databases, and the ClinicalTrials website were scanned to identify eligible studies.
For the meta-analysis, eighteen studies were chosen.
Hesperidin supplementation had significant lowering effect on not only CRP, IL-6, and IL-4 levels but also MDA level (Meta-regression analysis revealed a non-significant direct relationship between hesperidin dosage and chance in CRP, IL-6, and MDA levels.
11Blood glucose controlMeta-AnalysisCited 19×n=318 · medium study2020
Although several animal studies have proposed that hesperidin supplementation might improve blood glucose control, the present study could not confirm this benefit in humans.
Shams-Rad S et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology (2020)
Although several animal studies have proposed that hesperidin supplementation might improve blood glucose control, the present study could not confirm this benefit in humans.
12Inflammatory markersMeta-AnalysisCited 29×n=296 · medium study2019
The present study suggests that although hesperidin supplementation significantly improves VCAM-1 levels; however, other inflammatory markers might not be affected.
Lorzadeh E et al. · Chemico-biological interactions (2019)
Noticeable benefit
← WorseNo effectBetter →
Likely real
The meta-analysis revealed that hesperidin significantly reduces Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -22.81 ng/L, P = 0.041, n = 3].
The present study suggests that although hesperidin supplementation significantly improves VCAM-1 levels; however, other inflammatory markers might not be affected.
Further high-quality systematic reviews exploring the effect of hesperidin particularly on VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and interleukin 6 are still needed to confirm these results.
We furthermore discuss the implications for selected phytochemicals to interfere in thrombosis and hemostasis, indicating their possible clinical relevance.
Tamer F et al. · Thrombosis and haemostasis (2022)
We furthermore discuss the implications for selected phytochemicals to interfere in thrombosis and hemostasis, indicating their possible clinical relevance.
Lastly, we provide guidance on which compounds are of interest for further platelet-related research.Thieme.
Steps can be taken in future research to improve the consistency of clinical study designs, methodology and outcomes.
Tadros FJ et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2022)
This narrative systematic review aimed to determine appropriate recommendations toward the dose and frequency of hesperidin consumption from 100% orange juice and conduct a gap analysis.
Results showed that overall effect sizes from the studies were considerably weak.
Although higher frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin in 100% orange juice had an impact on global cognitive function, cardiac, insulin, inflammatory, antioxidant/phenolic, and oxidative stress outcomes compared to lower frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin.
15Inflammatory activities in type 2 diabetes with angiopathiesSystematic ReviewCited 18×2020
Conclusion: Inflammatory activities are implicated in diabetes-related angiopathies; regular exercise, the intake of healthy dietary supplements, and medications with anti-inflammatory properties could result in improved protective risk outcome for diabetes patients by suppressing inflammatory activities and elevating anti-inflammatory events.
Nwadiugwu MC · Frontiers in public health (2020)
Borderline
Use of drugs such as salsalate, pioglitazone, simvastatin, and fenofibrate but not glimepiride or benfotiamine reported a significant decrease in inflammatory events.
Results: Data analysis showed that elevated CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were the most commonly found inflammatory indicator in diabetes-related angiopathies, while increased IL-10 and soluble RAGE was an indicator for better outcome.
Regular exercise and consumption of dietary supplements such as ginger, hesperidin which have anti-inflammatory properties, and those containing prebiotic fibers (e.g., raspberries) revealed a consistent significant (p < 0.05) reduction in inflammatory activities.
16Diabetes and related complicationsSystematic ReviewCited 172×2020
Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.
Gandhi GR et al. · Nutrients (2020)
All articles identified were analyzed, and data were extracted using a standardized form.
These flavonoids regulated biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, hepatic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes, and modulated signaling pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications.
Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.
18Systematic ReviewCited 22×n=24 · very small study2019
We recommend future clinical trials for more insights.
Musa AE et al. · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2019)
Furthermore, it increased 30-day and 60-day survival rates and protected against DNA damage.
The best radioprotection was obtained when hesperidin was administered before irradiation.
Conclusions: The results of the included studies support the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic abilities of hesperidin as a potential radioprotective agent against IR-induced damage.
Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity.
Amiot MJ et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity (2016)
Green tea, however, significantly reduced body mass index and waist circumference and improved lipid metabolism.
However, some trials pointed towards an improvement of endothelial function in patients supplemented with cocoa, anthocyanin-rich berries, hesperidin or resveratrol.
Therefore, diets rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean diet, which promote the consumption of diverse polyphenol-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to improve the health of patients with MetS.