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Pdr4.0

PDRN / Polynucleotides (topical) Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

27 peer-reviewed studies

What the evidence says

Mostly mechanism / observational

Most PDRN / Polynucleotides (topical) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.

Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1989–2026 with a typical study size of 27 participants.

Based on 26 studies · 3 meta-analyses · 20 RCTs · 47 total participants

Confidence

High confidence

By outcome

Joint pain & arthritis
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Wound & ulcer healing
Mostly mechanism / observational3 studies

Steady research

7 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2021

198920072026

1Meta-Analysis2021

Gwak DW, Hwang JM, Kim AR, Park D · Medicine (Baltimore) (2021)

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2Meta-Analysis2019

Kim MS, Cho RK, In Y · Medicine (Baltimore) (2019)

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3Meta-Analysis2020

Zhang L, Lei N, Chang R, Yang C, Li Q, Zuo N · Medicine (Baltimore) (2020)

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4Systematic Review2025

Lampridou S, Bassett S, Cavallini M, Christopoulos G · J Cosmet Dermatol (2025)

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5RCT1989

de Luca Brunori I, Battini L, Filippeschi M, Romani L, Tarani A, Urbano M · Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat (1989)

6RCT2014

Kim JY, Pak CS, Park JH, Jeong JH, Heo CY · J Korean Med Sci (2014)

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7RCT2014

Giarratana LS, Marelli BM, Crapanzano C, De Martinis SE, Gala L, Ferraro M · Knee (2014)

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8RCT1990

Minorchio E, Bianco V, Corso F · Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat (1990)

9RCT2025

Park MH, Hwang SK, Hwang JK, Chua D, Yi KH · Aesthetic Plast Surg (2025)

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10RCT1990

Maresi MP, Baldi L, Balatresi L, Bogi G, Civello T, Cosimi A · Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat (1990)

11RCT2025

Choi SY, Koh YG, Yoo KH, Han HS, Seok J, Kim BJ · J Cosmet Dermatol (2025)

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12RCT2026

Kim HJ, Park SY, Kwon H, Fang Y, Kwon Y, Lee C · Yonsei Med J (2026)

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13RCT1989

Bianco V, Stillo A, Vassalli SB · Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat (1989)

14RCT1990

Perino A, Genova G, Vita C, Costa P, Biondo A, Palmeri MA · Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat (1990)

15RCT2004

Lazzarotto M, Tomasello EM, Caporossi A · Eur J Ophthalmol (2004)

16RCT2010

Vanelli R, Costa P, Rossi SM, Benazzo F · Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2010)

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17RCT2018

Ryu K, Ko D, Lim G, Kim E, Lee SH · Pain Res Manag (2018)

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18RCT2015

Kim JK, Chung JY · Int Orthop (2015)

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19RCT2020

Lee DO, Yoo JH, Cho HI, Cho S, Cho HR · Foot Ankle Surg (2020)

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20RCT2020

Dallari D, Sabbioni G, Del Piccolo N, Carubbi C, Veronesi F, Torricelli P · Clin J Sport Med (2020)

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View in Research Library

PDRN / Polynucleotides (topical) Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

Does polydeoxyribonucleotide has an effect on patients with tendon or ligament pain?: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

The efficacy and safety of polydeoxyribonucleotide for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Efficacy of intra-articular polynucleotides associated with hyaluronic acid vs hyaluronic acid alone in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial.

The Effectiveness of Polynucleotides in Esthetic Medicine: A Systematic Review.

[Topical therapy with placental polydeoxyribonucleotide in cervical ectopy and ectropion].

Effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide in the treatment of pressure ulcers.

A randomized double-blind clinical trial on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: the efficacy of polynucleotides compared to standard hyaluronian viscosupplementation.

[Advantages of topical therapy with polydeoxyribonucleotide in reparative processes after cauterization: experience at a center for early diagnosis of genital neoplasms].

Air-Botulinum Neurotoxin and Polydeoxyribonucleotide Injections for Acne Scar Treatment.

A non-hormonal therapeutic alternative in cervico-vaginal dystrophies.

A Randomized, Participant- and Evaluator-Blinded, Matched-Pair, Prospective Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy Between Polycaprolactone and Polynucleotide Fillers in the Correction of Crow's Feet.

Efficacy of Submucosal Polydeoxyribonucleotide Injection after Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

[Effectiveness of a topical medical treatment following diathermic coagulation: controlled clinical study].

The pharmacologic therapy of post-cauterization and post-laser vaporization with polydeoxyribonucleotide.

Clinical evaluation of corneal epithelialization after photorefractive keratectomy in patients treated with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) eye drops: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Efficacy of intra-articular polynucleotides in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Ultrasound-Guided Prolotherapy with Polydeoxyribonucleotide for Painful Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy.

Effectiveness of polydeoxyribonucleotide injection versus normal saline injection for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomised clinical trial.

Comparing effectiveness of polydeoxyribonucleotide injection and corticosteroid injection in plantar fasciitis treatment: A prospective randomized clinical study.

Efficacy of Intra-Articular Polynucleotides Associated With Hyaluronic Acid Versus Hyaluronic Acid Alone in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.