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A-F grade per outcome, combining overall evidence with goal-specific relevance. A = strong evidence; F = insufficient. Hover a badge for details.
Topical cosmetic only. Leave-on glycolic acid is used at roughly 5-15% in lotions/serums (often at low pH), applied to clean skin a few nights per week and building as tolerated; professional peels (20-70%) are applied in-office at intervals. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. Pair with daily sunscreen. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.
Evening
Leave-on lotion or serum (≈5-15% glycolic acid)
Topical cosmetic only. Kojic acid is typically used at roughly 1-2% in leave-on serums or creams (or as the more stable kojic acid dipalmitate), applied to areas of hyperpigmentation once or twice daily, often alongside other brighteners and daily sunscreen. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.
Any time
Leave-on topical serum or cream (≈1-2% kojic acid, or kojic acid dipalmitate)
Throughout
8-12 weeks
8-16 weeks
Throughout
8-12 weeks
Throughout
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