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Topical cosmetic only. Kojic acid is typically used at roughly 1-2% in leave-on serums or creams (or as the more stable kojic acid dipalmitate), applied to areas of hyperpigmentation once or twice daily, often alongside other brighteners and daily sunscreen. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Any time

Leave-on topical serum or cream (≈1-2% kojic acid, or kojic acid dipalmitate)

Topical cosmetic only. Niacinamide is typically formulated at 2-5% in leave-on serums, creams, or gels and applied to clean skin once or twice daily (AM and/or PM). It layers well under sunscreen and with most other actives. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose in this cosmetic context — it is not ingested here. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Any time

Leave-on topical serum or cream (2-5% niacinamide)

• For topical (skin) use only — not for ingestion, not for injection
• Known allergy or sensitivity to kojic acid
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Other leave-on actives (acids, retinoids, hydroquinone)

• For topical (skin) use only — not for ingestion, not for injection (in this cosmetic context)
• Known allergy or sensitivity to niacinamide or formulation excipients
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Pure ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at low pH
• Strong leave-on exfoliating actives (AHAs/BHAs, retinoids)