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A-F grade per outcome, combining overall evidence with goal-specific relevance. A = strong evidence; F = insufficient. Hover a badge for details.
Topical cosmetic only. Kojic acid is typically used at roughly 1-2% in leave-on serums or creams (or as the more stable kojic acid dipalmitate), applied to areas of hyperpigmentation once or twice daily, often alongside other brighteners and daily sunscreen. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.
Any time
Leave-on topical serum or cream (≈1-2% kojic acid, or kojic acid dipalmitate)
Topical OTC. Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily to sun-exposed skin as the last step of a morning routine, using an adequate amount (about 2 mg/cm² — roughly a nickel-sized dollop for the face, a shot-glass for the body) and reapply every ~2 hours of sun exposure and after swimming/sweating. Mineral (zinc oxide / titanium dioxide) filters are preferred if you're concerned about systemic absorption. There is no oral or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.
Morning
Broad-spectrum SPF 30+, applied daily; mineral (zinc oxide/titanium dioxide) if concerned about absorption
Throughout
8-12 weeks
Throughout
Throughout
Ongoing (years)
Ongoing
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