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Topical cosmetic only. Kojic acid is typically used at roughly 1-2% in leave-on serums or creams (or as the more stable kojic acid dipalmitate), applied to areas of hyperpigmentation once or twice daily, often alongside other brighteners and daily sunscreen. There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose — it is not ingested. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Any time

Leave-on topical serum or cream (≈1-2% kojic acid, or kojic acid dipalmitate)

Topical cosmetic only. L-ascorbic acid serums are typically 10-20% (often near pH 3 for absorption); stable derivatives are used at varying percentages. Apply a few drops to clean, dry skin, usually in the morning under sunscreen (its antioxidant action complements SPF). There is no oral, injectable, or systemic dose in this cosmetic context. This library does not provide an ingestion protocol.

Morning

Leave-on topical serum (10-20% L-ascorbic acid) or a stable vitamin C derivative

• For topical (skin) use only — not for ingestion, not for injection
• Known allergy or sensitivity to kojic acid
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Other leave-on actives (acids, retinoids, hydroquinone)

• For topical (skin) use only — not for ingestion, not for injection (in this cosmetic context)
• Known allergy or sensitivity to the formulation
• Application to broken, irritated, or compromised skin until healed

• Strong leave-on actives (retinoids, AHAs/BHAs, benzoyl peroxide)
• Niacinamide