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Agp7.0
Alpha-GPC – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
24 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft wahrscheinlich
Alpha-GPC scheint in 6 von 6 Studien mit messbaren Effekten zu helfen — die Evidenz tendiert klar ins Positive.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2008–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 40 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 24 Studien · 2 Meta-Analysen · 12 RCTs · 13,311 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
6geholfen· 18 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Cognitive functionBessere Gedächtnisbildung und -abruf · 2-4 Wochen
Hilft wahrscheinlich22 Studien
Neuroprotection & brain agingUnterstützt cholinerge Neuronen und die Membrangesundheit · 8-12 Wochen
Hilft wahrscheinlich7 Studien
Muscle strength & powerMögliche Verbesserung der Kraftleistung · Akut
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Anxiety & stress
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Depression & mood
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Endurance & exercise performanceModerate Zugewinne bei Kraftleistung und Kraft der unteren Extremitäten · 1-2 Wochen
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Energy & fatigueUnterstützt die acetylcholinvermittelte Kraftleistung während des Trainings · 30-60 Minuten
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 14 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
33%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
13k
typische Studie: 40 Personen
Stärkste Designs
14
2 gepoolt, 12 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
100%
6/6 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–3 Monate
2
3+ Monate
3
Untersuchte Populationen
Patients with neurological conditions associated with cerebrovascular injury1
Patients with vascular or post-traumatic MCI1
Post-COVID patients with cognitive impairment1
Dementia and Alzheimer's patients, athletes1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
18 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2025
200820172026
1Cognitive outcomesMeta-AnalyseCited 27×n=1,326 · large study2023
α-GPC alone or in combination with donepezil improved cognition, behavior, and functional outcomes among patients with neurological conditions associated with cerebrovascular injury.
Sagaro GG et al. · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2023)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
We found significant effects of α-GPC in combination with donepezil on cognition [4 RCTs, mean difference (MD):1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20 to 3.25], functional outcomes [3 RCTs, MD:0.79, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.23], and behavioral outcomes [4 RCTs; MD: -7.61, 95% CI: -10.31 to -4.91].
We also observed that patients who received α-GPC had significantly better cognition than those who received either placebo or other medications [MD: 3.50, 95% CI: 0.36 to 6.63].
α-GPC alone or in combination with donepezil improved cognition, behavior, and functional outcomes among patients with neurological conditions associated with cerebrovascular injury.
Finally, the review identifies existing knowledge gaps and proposes new research areas to promote the development of high value-added and health-promoting products containing GPC.
Li J et al. · Journal of food science (2025)
Due to its high choline content (41% by weight) and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, GPC is considered one of the most utilized sources of choline.
The review also highlights recent bioactivity evaluation results of GPC in animal models and human clinical tests, with a focus on cognitive dysfunction, cardiometabolic disorders, anti-aging, and ergogenic effects.
Finally, the review identifies existing knowledge gaps and proposes new research areas to promote the development of high value-added and health-promoting products containing GPC.
Citicoline (Neipilept) and choline alfoscerate (Cereton) are considered as potential neuroprotectors.
Esin RG et al. · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (2025)
Neurofibrillary glomeruli (phospho-tau) formation, impaired amyloid beta elimination, impaired blood-brain barrier function, and low-intensity inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of CTE.
The agreed diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome and the step-by-step diagnosis of this syndrome proposed in 2021 by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the USA are outlined.
Treatment includes symptomatic therapy for anxiety and depression, cognitive impairment, behavioral disorders, neuroprotectors, and non-drug intervention methods.
All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
Che X et al. · Nutrition reviews (2025)
For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints.
All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
Conclusions: The combination of EMHPS with choline alfoscerate for the complex treatment of CCCI and associated syndromes improves the functions of the endothelium, leads to asthenic syndrome, indicators of stress, depression and anxiety decreasing has a positive effect on the cognitive impairment and complications' progress reduction.
Chernii TV et al. · Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) (2024)
6Vascular or post-traumatic MCI treatmentMeta-Analysen=10 · very small study2025
The main challenge during the analysis was methodological, population, and statistical heterogeneity, which required not only the use of a random effects model but also active search and exclusion of some sources.
Voznyuk IA et al. · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (2025)
The study demonstrated a statistically significant effect of Gliatilin in treating patients with vascular or post-traumatic MCI.
It also showed statistically significant superiority of its parenteral (or parenteral followed by oral) administration (for at least 28 days) compared to basic therapy in patients with vascular MCI.
The main challenge during the analysis was methodological, population, and statistical heterogeneity, which required not only the use of a random effects model but also active search and exclusion of some sources.
The main benefits of choline alfoscerate therapy for neurocognitive impairment in patients with post-COVID syndrome are discussed.
Shishkova VN et al. · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (2022)
The paper summarizes data on the relationship between neurocognitive disorders and accelerated cell aging, chronic nonspecific inflammation, and reduced neuroplasticity in the central nervous system.
The main pathogenetic ways to prevent COVID-related complications, including neuronal tissue damage and the prospects for managing such patients are discussed.
The choice of pathogenetic therapy in patients with neurocognitive impairment in the post-COVID period is assessed.
In light of the limited therapeutical results obtained in the past decades by the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia, and of the relevance of their side effects in long-lasting therapies, it is desirable to reconsider alpha-GPC in larger carefully controlled studies not only as monotherapy but also in association with cholinesterase inhibitor drugs.
Scapicchio PL · The International journal of neuroscience (2013)
Choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine, alpha-GPC) is a semisynthetic derivative of phosphatidylcholine with central parasympathomimetic action.
This action is, on the basis of its use in pathologies, characterized by cognitive deficits of neurodegenerative or vascular nature.
In a number of clinical studies, alpha-GPC demonstrated benefit in patients with cognitive dysfunction.
Choline alfoscerate exhibits additional cognitive improvement in both cognitive and noncognitive domains, supporting the findings of the ASCOMALVA trial.
Lee W et al. · Medicine (2024)
Kaum spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
At the 12th week, the MMSE score increased 3.52% in the DN group, whereas it increased by 1.36% in the DO group.
In the DA + DG group, it decreased by 2.17%.
At the 24th week, the MMSE score showed an increase of 1.07% in the DO group and 1.61% in the DN group, but decreased by 5.71% in the DA + DG group.
11Cognitive functionRCTCited 1×n=36 · small study2025
Choline alfoscerate 1200 mg once daily treatment showed marginal improvement in cognitive function in T2DM patients with mild cognitive impairment at 6 months but leading to significance at 12 months compared to placebo, suggesting its potential as an adjunct therapy for managing early cognitive decline.
Sohn M et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2025)
The mean age of study participants was 71.8 ± 5.3 years and 69.4% women.
12Prevention of cognitive decline progression in mild cognitive impairmentRCTCited 4×n=100 · medium study2024
The results allow us to consider CA as a possible model of preventive dementia therapy aimed at preventing the progression of cognitive deficits and the development of dementia in people at high risk of developing AD - patients with aMCI.
Ponomareva EV et al. · Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (2024)
The results allow us to consider CA as a possible model of preventive dementia therapy aimed at preventing the progression of cognitive deficits and the development of dementia in people at high risk of developing AD - patients with aMCI.
This is the first demonstration of a nutritional product's effectiveness in decreasing plasma levels of SAH in otherwise healthy individuals with elevated SAH and normal Hcy.
Pohl F et al. · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD (2025)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
The test product significantly lowered plasma SAH levels by approximately 12% and increased S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM): SAH ratio by approximately 26% after 12 weeks of supplementation compared to baseline.
This is the first demonstration of a nutritional product's effectiveness in decreasing plasma levels of SAH in otherwise healthy individuals with elevated SAH and normal Hcy.
Hence, this test product offers a unique opportunity for investigating the impact of lowering plasma SAH on the risk of developing CVD and other diseases.
HD and LD A-GPC supplementation significantly increased cognitive performance in a group of young, healthy males as measured by changes in the Stroop Total Score and completion time of the Stroop test.
Kerksick CM · Nutrients (2024)
Statistically significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure were observed in all groups, with all recorded values aligning with clinically accepted normative values.
HD and LD A-GPC supplementation significantly increased cognitive performance in a group of young, healthy males as measured by changes in the Stroop Total Score and completion time of the Stroop test.
These results offer unique insight into the potential for A-GPC to acutely increase cognition in a group of young, healthy males.
The combination of BCAAs, L-citrulline, and A-GPC used in this study improves cycling performance and may be useful for individuals seeking to improve athletic performance, particularly in disciplines requiring lower body muscular strength and endurance.
Harrington RN · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2023)
With the test supplement, there was an average increase in TT peak power of 11% and an average increase in time to fatigue of 36.2% in the HIEC test compared to the placebo.
There was no significant improvement in time to completion, average power, OMNI rating of perceived exertion, or VAS responses on perceived exertion in the TT test and no significant improvement in VAS measures of perceived exertion in the HIEC test.
The combination of BCAAs, L-citrulline, and A-GPC used in this study improves cycling performance and may be useful for individuals seeking to improve athletic performance, particularly in disciplines requiring lower body muscular strength and endurance.
17Heart rate variability recoveryRCTCited 4×n=12 · very small study2022
We concluded that A-GPC consumption recovers HRV and blood pressure faster following strenuous exercise in overweight and obese women, and that it might favorably modify cardiac autonomic function.
Barzanjeh SP et al. · Nutrients (2022)
Borderline
Moreover, HRV variables (except for LF/HF) decreased (p < 0.05) immediately after SIE in the A-GPC and placebo sessions.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased (p < 0.05) immediately after SIE in both trials.
We concluded that A-GPC consumption recovers HRV and blood pressure faster following strenuous exercise in overweight and obese women, and that it might favorably modify cardiac autonomic function.
A-GPC is effective at increasing lower body force production after 6 days of supplementation.
Bellar D et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2015)
The A-GPC treatment resulted in significantly greater isometric mid thigh pull peak force change from baseline (t = 1.76, p = 0.044) compared with placebo (A-GPC: 98.8. ± 236.9 N vs Placebo: -39.0 ± 170.9 N).
For the upper body test the A-GPC treatment trended towards greater change from baseline force production (A-GPC: 50.9 ± 67.2 N Placebo: -14.9 ± 114.9 N) but failed to obtain statistical significance (t = 1.16, p = 0.127).
A-GPC is effective at increasing lower body force production after 6 days of supplementation.
20Bioequivalence between tablet and soft capsule formulationsRCTCited 5×2019
Pharmacokinetic parameters including the Cmax and AUC0-t determined after oral administration of the two formulations in healthy Korean male volunteers showed that the differences between the formulations (tablet vs soft capsule) were not significant for bioequivalence.
Min MH et al. · Drug design, development and therapy (2019)
The 90% CIs for geometric mean ratios of test to reference formulation for AUC0-t and Cmax were 84.51%-111.98% and 83.31%-104.10%, respectively, and satisfied the EMA regulatory criteria for bioequivalence.
Pharmacokinetic parameters including the Cmax and AUC0-t determined after oral administration of the two formulations in healthy Korean male volunteers showed that the differences between the formulations (tablet vs soft capsule) were not significant for bioequivalence.
Both formulations were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported.