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Cn5.0
Carnosine – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
67 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft wahrscheinlich
Carnosine scheint in 6 von 8 Studien mit messbaren Effekten zu helfen — die Evidenz tendiert klar ins Positive.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 1995–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 88 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 67 Studien · 15 Meta-Analysen · 38 RCTs · 11,686 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
6geholfen1unklar1nicht geholfen· 59 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung17 Studien
Glucose & metabolicMeta-Analysen zeigen moderate Senkungen des Nüchternblutzuckers und des HbA1c · 8-12 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung13 Studien
Cognitive function
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung11 Studien
InflammationAktuelle RCTs fanden keinen Effekt auf Entzündungsmarker · 4-8 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung7 Studien
Endurance & exercise performanceDer Pufferungsnutzen stammt hauptsächlich von der Vorstufe Beta-Alanin, nicht von Carnosin · 2-4 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Heart & blood pressure
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Muscle strength & power
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Lean body mass & muscle growth
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Cholesterol & lipids
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Pain & analgesia
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Vision & eye health
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 29 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
100%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
12k
typische Studie: 88 Personen
Stärkste Designs
53
15 gepoolt, 38 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
75%
6/8 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–4 Wochen
1
1–3 Monate
1
Untersuchte Populationen
General population3
Autism spectrum disorder patients2
Athletes2
Trained young male individuals1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
29 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2025
199520102026
1Autism spectrum disorder core symptomsMeta-Analysen=7,450 · very large study2022
Einfach gesagt: Some medications could improve core symptoms, although this could be likely secondary to the improvement of associated symptoms.
Siafis S et al. · Molecular autism (2022)
Some medications could improve core symptoms, although this could be likely secondary to the improvement of associated symptoms.
Evidence on their efficacy and safety is preliminary; therefore, routine prescription of medications for the core symptoms cannot be recommended.
2Maximal intensity exercise performanceMeta-Analysen=331 · medium study2024
Einfach gesagt: This may be used to inform further research, and professional or recreational training design, and optimization of supplementation strategies.
Georgiou GD et al. · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2024)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
A significant (p = .01) result was observed with an overall effect size of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.09, 0.69]), in favor of beta-alanine supplementation versus placebo.
The results provide insights into which exercise modality will benefit the most, and which dosage protocols and durations stand to provide the greatest ergogenic effects.
This may be used to inform further research, and professional or recreational training design, and optimization of supplementation strategies.
3Exercise capacity and performanceMeta-Analysen=1,461 · large study2017
Einfach gesagt: β-alanine had a significant overall effect while subgroup analyses revealed a number of modifying factors.
Saunders B et al. · British journal of sports medicine (2017)
Kaum spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
A significant overall effect size of 0.18 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.28) was shown.
Meta-regression demonstrated that exercise duration significantly (p=0.004) moderated effect sizes.
Subgroup analyses also identified the type of exercise as a significant (p=0.013) moderator of effect sizes within an exercise time frame of 0.5-10 min with greater effect sizes for exercise capacity (0.4998 (95% CI 0.246 to 0.753)) versus performance (0.1078 (95% CI -0.201 to 0.416)).
4Fasting blood glucoseMeta-Analysen=377 · medium study2025
Einfach gesagt: Carnosine and β-alanine supplementation show potential as adjunct therapies for improving FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-β in prediabetes and T2DM.
Li N et al. · BMC endocrine disorders (2025)
Groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
Our analysis indicated that supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SMD: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.31; p < 0.00001) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (SMD:-0.36; 95% CI:-0.59 to -0.12; p = 0.003) compared to placebo.
Carnosine and β-alanine supplementation show potential as adjunct therapies for improving FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-β in prediabetes and T2DM.
Further rigorous studies are warranted to establish optimal dosage, treatment duration, and long-term efficacy in clinical practice.
Einfach gesagt: Carnosine/HCD supplementation may reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and potentially modulate the cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid peroxidation.
Saadati S et al. · Nutrition reviews (2024)
Carnosine/HCD supplementation may reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and potentially modulate the cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid peroxidation.
6Buffering capacity and sports performanceSystematische Übersichtn=221 · medium study2023
Einfach gesagt: According to the results of the studies reviewed, we would recommend β-A and SB co-supplementation during high intensity exercises lasting between 30 s and 10 min.
Gilsanz L et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2023)
Nine studies including a total of 221 athletes were identified for review.
Athletes were supplemented with β-A and SB while they performed exercise tests to assess physical performance and buffer capacity.
Five of the nine studies indicated there was some additional improvement in buffering capacity and performance with co-supplementation, while one study concluded that the effect was comparable to the added effects of the individual supplements.
9HbA1C reductionMeta-Analysen=184 · medium study2020
Einfach gesagt: Carnosine supplementation results in a decrease in HbA1C, but elicits no effect on HOMA-IR, Cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, TG and HDL-C.
Peng W et al. · Complementary therapies in medicine (2020)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Overall results from the random-effects model on included studies, with 184 participants, indicated that carnosine intervention reduced HbA1C levels in intervention vs control groups (WMD: -0.92 %, 95 % CI: -1.20, -0.63, I2:69 %).
Four studies, including a total of 183 participants, reported TG changes as an outcome measure variable, but combined results did not show significant reduction in this outcome (WMD: -14.46 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -29.11, 0.19, I2:94 %).
Carnosine supplementation results in a decrease in HbA1C, but elicits no effect on HOMA-IR, Cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, TG and HDL-C.
Einfach gesagt: Clinical studies were conducted to manage chemotherapy induced toxicities and there are no clinical studies available for its anti-cancer use, and the current evidence does not support its use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Sureshkumar K et al. · Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition) (2023)
Clinical studies were conducted to manage chemotherapy induced toxicities and there are no clinical studies available for its anti-cancer use, and the current evidence does not support its use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
11Chronic neuropathic pain managementSystematische Übersichtn=22 · very small study2024
Einfach gesagt: Based on the review, we cannot recommend any supplement use for the management of CIPN, although further research into N-acetyl-cysteine, l-carnosine, crocin, and magnesium is warranted.
Frediani JK et al. · Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain (2024)
Based on the review, we cannot recommend any supplement use for the management of CIPN, although further research into N-acetyl-cysteine, l-carnosine, crocin, and magnesium is warranted.
Acetyl-l-carnitine was found to be likely ineffective or harmful.
Einfach gesagt: Understanding the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass will help in developing effective treatments for muscle weakness.
Baumert P et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle (2024)
Like the hypertrophy stimulation with IGF-1 in myotubes in vitro, the concentration of the dipeptide l-carnosine was decreased by 26.6% (P = 0.001) during skeletal muscle growth in vivo.
However, phosphorylated sugar (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate or glucose-1-phosphate) decreased by 32.2% (P = 0.004) in the overloaded muscle in vivo while increasing in the IGF-1-stimulated myotubes in vitro.
We demonstrated that labelled carbon from [U-13C6]glucose is increasingly incorporated by ~13% (P = 0.001) into the non-essential amino acids in hypertrophying myotubes, which is accompanied by an increased depletion of media serine (P = 0.006).
13Exercise performance improvementMeta-Analysen=360 · medium study2012
Einfach gesagt: The median effect of β-alanine supplementation is a 2.85% (-0.37 to 10.49%) improvement in the outcome of an exercise measure, when a median total of 179 g of β-alanine is supplemented.
Hobson RM et al. · Amino acids (2012)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
BA improved (P=0.002) the outcome of exercise measures to a greater extent than Pla [median effect size (IQR): BA 0.374 (0.140-0.747), Pla 0.108 (-0.019 to 0.487)].
Some of that effect might be explained by the improvement (P=0.013) in exercise capacity with BA compared to Pla; no improvement was seen for exercise performance (P=0.204).
In line with the purported mechanisms for an ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation, exercise lasting 60-240 s was improved (P=0.001) in BA compared to Pla, as was exercise of >240 s (P=0.046).
Einfach gesagt: HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer's disease.
Bell SM et al. · Nutrition reviews (2024)
HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer's disease.
Further studies are needed in people with early cognitive impairment with longer follow-up duration and standardization of carnosine doses to delineate the true effect.
Einfach gesagt: Inferences were made on posterior samples generated by Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo using 90% credible intervals (90% CrI) and calculated probabilities.
Matthews JJ et al. · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) (2021)
Inferences were made on posterior samples generated by Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo using 90% credible intervals (90% CrI) and calculated probabilities.
GRADE assessment showed our certainty in the effect estimate of each outcome to be moderate (human outcomes) or very low (rodent outcomes).
Supplementation with carnosine or β-alanine may reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in humans and rodents, and fasting insulin in humans; both compounds show potential as therapeutics to improve glycemic control and insulin resistance.
16Nutraceutical efficacy in heart failureSystematische Übersichtn=50 · small study2020
Einfach gesagt: Only one nutraceutical, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, received a positive recommendation in the Australian heart failure guidelines.
Hopper I et al. · Journal of cardiac failure (2020)
Only one nutraceutical, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, received a positive recommendation in the Australian heart failure guidelines.
Although occasionally showing some promise, all other nutraceuticals are inadequately studied to allow any conclusion on efficacy.
Clinicians should favor other treatments that have been clearly shown to decrease mortality.
17Prevention of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formationSystematische Übersichtn=36 · small study2018
Einfach gesagt: The mechanism by which carnosine prevents the formation of AGEs needs further investigation.
Ghodsi R et al. · Amino acids (2018)
This included 19 in vitro studies, 15 animal studies and two human studies.
All but two of the studies indicated that carnosine can prevent the formation of AGEs.
The findings of this review indicating that carnosine has anti-glycating properties, and may hinder the formation of protein carbonyls and the cross-links induced by reduced sugars; however, there were few human studies.
18Dyslipidemia improvementMeta-Analysen=21 · very small study2020
Einfach gesagt: Carnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles.
Menon K et al. · Nutrition reviews (2020)
Carnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles.
Larger studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the use of HCDs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
19Histidine metabolism and physiological effectsSystematische Übersicht2020
Einfach gesagt: To conclude, the requirements for histidine, like for other EAA, have been derived from growth and AA composition in tissues and also have specific metabolic roles depending on species and dietary levels.
Moro J et al. · Nutrients (2020)
In fish, dietary histidine may be one of the most important factors in preventing cataracts.
In ruminants, histidine is a limiting factor for milk protein synthesis and could be the first limiting AA for growth.
In excess, histidine supplementation can be responsible for eating and memory disorders in humans and can induce growth retardation and metabolic dysfunction in most species.
Einfach gesagt: The dose of 300 mg may be useful among patients with baseline serum zinc concentration of less than 70 µg/dL, and 150 mg for 70 µg/dL or more.
Furihata K et al. · Nutrients (2020)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
The dose-combined overall polaprezinc increased the change from baseline by a mean of 9.08 µg/dL (95% confidence interval: 5.46, 12.70; heterogeneity: I2 = 0.61%) compared to the placebo.
A significant dose-response relationship was confirmed (p < 0.001).
Baseline serum zinc concentration was considered an effect modifier in polaprezinc 300 mg.