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Dim4.0
DIM – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
40 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft vermutlich
DIM half in etwa der Hälfte (2/3) der Studien, die einen Effekt gemessen haben — vielversprechend, aber nicht einhellig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2004–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 19 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 40 Studien · 12 RCTs · 227 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Mittlere Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
2geholfen1unklar· 37 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Cancer chemoprevention
Hilft vermutlich35 Studien
Women's healthWird für den Östrogenstoffwechsel vermarktet; die Evidenz beim Menschen ist begrenzt und inkonsistent · 4-8 Wochen · Keine zuverlässige Evidenz beim Menschen für die Linderung von Wechseljahresbeschwerden · 4-8 Wochen
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung8 Studien
Men's vitalityZielt auf den Östrogenstoffwechsel ab, doch die Wirkungen beim Menschen auf die Östrogenverhältnisse sind uneinheitlich und oft nicht nachweisbar · 4-8 Wochen
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung7 Studien
Safety & pharmacokinetics
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung5 Studien
Inflammation
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Liver healthWirkungen auf Entgiftungswege sind ausschließlich präklinisch; keine klinischen Endpunktdaten beim Menschen · 4-12 Wochen
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Weight management
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Digestive health
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 26 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Untersuchte Personen
227
typische Studie: 19 Personen
Stärkste Designs
12
0 gepoolt, 12 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
67%
2/3 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–3 Monate
3
3+ Monate
1
Untersuchte Populationen
Cancer patients4
Breast cancer patients3
Prostate cancer patients3
In vitro and in vivo models1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
13 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren
200420152026
1Breast cancer risk reductionÜbersicht2025
Einfach gesagt: Integrating cruciferous vegetables and their bioactive compounds in light of an individual's microbiome profile as a complementary approach alongside standard treatments is a promising strategy in breast cancer care.
Ho E et al. · Annual review of nutrition (2025)
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with varying subtypes, prognoses, and treatment responses.
Cruciferous vegetables have shown promise in reducing breast cancer risk.
Integrating cruciferous vegetables and their bioactive compounds in light of an individual's microbiome profile as a complementary approach alongside standard treatments is a promising strategy in breast cancer care.
2Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases including inflammation, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoporosisÜbersicht2023
Einfach gesagt: This article reviews current knowledge of the occurrence of I3C in nature and foods, along with the beneficial effects of I3C and DIM concerning prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases, focusing on preclinical studies and their mechanisms of action at cellular and molecular levels.
Amarakoon D et al. · Annual review of food science and technology (2023)
One of its main in vivo metabolites is 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), formed by the condensation of two molecules of I3C.
Both I3C and DIM alter multiple signaling pathways and related molecules controlling diverse cellular events, including oxidation, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunity.
There is a growing body of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models that these compounds possess strong potential to prevent several forms of chronic disease such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoporosis.
3Cancer treatment through epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone acetylation and microRNAs expressionÜbersicht2023
Einfach gesagt: DNA methylation, histone acetylation and microRNAs expression in cancer treatment.
Anchimowicz J et al. · Postepy biochemii (2023)
The favourable effect on health exert glucosinolates (GSLs), a group of secondary plant metabolites found in vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kohlrabi.
Hydrolysis of GSLs results in the formation of compounds, like sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), which are known for versatile anti-cancer activity.
This review highlights advances on the role of the chosen GSLs on selected epigenetic mechanisms, i.e.
4Breast cancer treatment effectiveness and side effect reductionÜbersicht2023
Einfach gesagt: The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
Singla RK et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2023)
Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects.
We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management.
The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
5Liver disease treatment through modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipogenesisÜbersicht2024
Einfach gesagt: Mechanistically, I3C and DIM modulate various pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipogenesis.
Tian C et al. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (2024)
Mechanistically, I3C and DIM modulate various pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipogenesis.
This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the regulatory roles of I3C and DIM in these liver diseases and explore the potential of plant-derived substances in liver disease treatment.
6Inflammatory bowel disease protection through Th17/Treg balance regulationÜbersicht2021
Einfach gesagt: Recently, a growing body of studies has indicated that phytochemicals derived from natural products are potent regulators of Th17/Treg, and exert preferable protective benefits against colonic infl...
Chang Y et al. · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (2021)
Recently, a growing body of studies has indicated that phytochemicals derived from natural products are potent regulators of Th17/Treg, and exert preferable protective benefits against colonic inflammation.
8Prostate cancer treatment with AR and PSA inhibitionÜbersicht2016
Einfach gesagt: BR-DIM administered in clinical trials was well tolerated, and 93% of patients had detectable prostatic DIM levels.
Li Y et al. · Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre (2016)
Sehr groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
BR-DIM administered in clinical trials was well tolerated, and 93% of patients had detectable prostatic DIM levels.
The inhibitory effects of BR-DIM on AR and AR target gene such as prostate-specific antigen were also observed in the clinical trial.
Our preclinical and clinical studies provide the scientific basis for a 'proof-of-concept' clinical trial in CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide in combination with BR-DIM.
10Nutraceutical treatment outcomes in prostate cancerÜbersicht2014
Einfach gesagt: Such strategy could become a promising newer approach for the treatment of metastatic PCa with better treatment outcome by improving overall survival.
Li Y et al. · Cancer metastasis reviews (2014)
Therefore, nutraceutical treatment in combination with conventional therapeutics could achieve better treatment outcome in prostate cancer therapy.
Interestingly, some nutraceuticals could regulate the function of cancer stem cell (CSC)-related miRNAs and associated molecules, leading to the inhibition of prostatic CSCs which are responsible for drug resistance, tumor progression, and recurrence of PCa.
Such strategy could become a promising newer approach for the treatment of metastatic PCa with better treatment outcome by improving overall survival.
11DIM activity against ovarian cancerÜbersicht2012
Einfach gesagt: Together, our pre-clinical studies demonstrate that DIM has activity against ovarian cancer and hence should be further investigated in clinical setting to exploit its therapeutic potential.
Kandala PK et al. · Current drug targets (2012)
In the present review article, we describe the anti-cancer effects of 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound present in cruciferous vegetables, against ovarian cancer.
DIM targets multiple aspects of cancer such as cellcycle regulation and survival, including EGFR-JAK2-STAT3 signaling, checkpoint activation, caspase activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and anoikis.
This broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities in conjunction with low systemic toxicity accentuates the translational value of DIM in cancer therapy.
12I3C and DIM role in chronic disease preventionÜbersicht2016
Einfach gesagt: This chapter summarizes the current experimental data on the I3C and DIM activity and the results of clinical studies indicating their role in prevention of chronic diseases.
Licznerska B et al. · Advances in experimental medicine and biology (2016)
Initially, these compounds were classified as blocking agents that increase drug-metabolizing enzyme activity.
Now it is widely accepted that I3C and DIM affect multiple signaling pathways and target molecules controlling cell division, apoptosis, or angiogenesis deregulated in cancer cells.
Although most of the current data support the role of I3C and DIM in prevention of hormone-dependent cancers, it seems that their application in prevention of the other cancer as well as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes reduction is also possible.
13Cancer prevention and therapy with isoflavone and DIMÜbersicht2013
Einfach gesagt: However, more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effects of isoflavone and DIM for the prevention of cancer development and also for the treatment of cancer either alone or in combination with conventional cancer therapeutics.
Li Y et al. · Antioxidants & redox signaling (2013)
Einfach gesagt: Indoles, especially I3C and DIM as phytochemicals, exert anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, detoxification and anti-inflammation effects on hepatic protection through pleiotropic mechanism.
Wang SQ et al. · Current drug metabolism (2016)
Indoles, especially I3C and DIM as phytochemicals, exert anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, detoxification and anti-inflammation effects on hepatic protection through pleiotropic mechanism.
15Gastrointestinal cancer prevention and treatmentÜbersicht2016
Einfach gesagt: Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the preventive and therapeutic properties of DIM in addition to its different perspective on the safety of DIM in clinical applications for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Kim SM · International journal of molecular sciences (2016)
DIM acts upon several cellular and molecular processes in gastrointestinal cancer cells, including apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, cell cycle regulation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
In addition, DIM increases the efficacy of other drugs or therapeutic chemicals when used in combinatorial treatment for gastrointestinal cancer.
The studies to date offer strong evidence to support the use of DIM as an anticancer and therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal cancer.
Einfach gesagt: This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of I3C and its derivatives for concurrently activating neuronal defense mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Singh AA, Yadav D, Khan F, Song M. · Brain sciences (2024)
However, insufficient neurotrophin support often leads to the downregulation of the TrkB signaling pathway in brain diseases.
Thus, targeting TrkB activation and the Nrf2-ARE system is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of I3C and its derivatives for concurrently activating neuronal defense mechanisms in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Einfach gesagt: Although definitive trials need to use a robust clinical endpoint (such as histology), all future trials should include biomarkers to study the subclinical effect of the study agent.
Sasieni P · Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology (2006)
Randomised controlled clinical trials have generally been small and the results have not been encouraging.
Beneficial effects on neoplasia have been shown for a couple of agents that have since been abandoned due to adverse side-effects.
Indoles were used successfully in a very small clinical trial of women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and a larger trial using diindolylmethane in women with mildly abnormal cervical smears is underway.
Einfach gesagt: While the current information is intriguing, future I3C research needs to focus on why these changes in nuclear transcription factors occur and how they relate to phenotypic responses and the quantity and duration of exposure to I3C and its dimer 3,3'-diindolylmethane.
Kim YS et al. · The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (2005)
Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a key bioactive food component in cruciferous vegetables, has multiple anticarcinogenic and antitumorigenic properties.
Evidence that p21, p27, cyclin-dependent kinases, retinoblastoma, Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome P-450 1A1 and GADD153 are targets for I3C already exists.
Modification of nuclear transcription factors including Sp1, estrogen receptor, nuclear factor kappaB and aryl hydrocarbon receptor may represent a common site of action to help explain downstream cellular responses to dietary I3C and, ultimately, to its anticancer properties.
20Cancer prevention and treatment through cellular signaling pathway regulationÜbersicht2009
Einfach gesagt: Therefore, non-toxic "natural agents" harvested from the bounties of nature could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
Sarkar FH et al. · Cellular signalling (2009)
This is also consistent with the epidemiological studies showing that the consumption of fruits, soybean and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of several types of cancers.
By regulating multiple important cellular signaling pathways including NF-kappaB, Akt, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, p53, AR, ER, etc, these natural products are known to activate cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
Therefore, non-toxic "natural agents" harvested from the bounties of nature could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.