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Dnp3.0

DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

6 begutachtete Studien

Was die Evidenz sagt

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

Die meisten Studien zu DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.

Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus gemischt-qualitativen Studien, veröffentlicht 1934–2022.

Basierend auf 6 Studien

Konfidenz

Geringe Konfidenz

Nach Outcome

Weight & fat lossVerursacht echten, schnellen Fettverlust durch Entkopplung der Mitochondrien — jedoch OHNE therapeutische Breite: Es hat tödliche Hyperthermie, Herztoxizität, Katarakte und Todesfälle verursacht. Nur zu Informationszwecken aufgeführt; es ist kein verwendbares Mittel zum Fettabbau. · Tage (aber bei jeder Dosis unsicher)
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung5 Studien
Toxicity & death
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung5 Studien

Aktives Forschungsgebiet

2 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren

193419782022

1Übersicht2011

DNP is reported to cause rapid loss of weight, but unfortunately is associated with an unacceptably high rate of significant adverse effects ... eventually leading to death.

Grundlingh J, Dargan PI, El-Zanfaly M, Wood DM · Journal of medical toxicology (2011)

Field-defining toxicology review — establishes the core honesty gate: DNP causes rapid weight loss by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, but at an unacceptable cost
The classic toxidrome is hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis and tachypnoea, progressing to death
Counted 62 published deaths attributed to DNP at the time of review, with fatalities reported since the early twentieth century

Quelle ansehen

2Beobachtungsstudie2021

Case fatality was high ... (US 11.6%; UK 16.9%) ... acidosis, tachycardia, agitation/confusion and hyperpyrexia [were] retained as significant independent predictors of mortality.

Potts AJ, Bowman NJ, Seger DL, Thomas SHL · Clinical toxicology (2021)

Modern poison-centre series — 204 systemic DNP exposures reported to US and UK poisons centres over 2007-2018
High case-fatality: 11.6% (US) and 16.9% (UK); 86% of cases were under 40 and 71% male — the bodybuilding/dieting demographic
Tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, acidosis and agitation/confusion independently predicted death and should prompt rapid ICU escalation

Quelle ansehen

3Beobachtungsstudie2022

DNP ... reduces body weight and body fat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation but at the risk of severe dose-related toxicity ... case fatality was high (11.9%) ... with fatal outcomes common.

Gziut T, Thomas SHL · Clinical toxicology (2022)

WHO-collaborative international series — 456 DNP exposures reported by poisons centres across 38 countries (2010-2020)
States the mechanism plainly: DNP reduces body weight and fat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, at the cost of severe dose-related toxicity
Annual cases rose from 4 (2010) to 71 (2015); case-fatality 11.9% with no significant sex difference

Quelle ansehen

4Übersicht2007

The compound's therapeutic index was razor thin and it was not until thousands of people suffered irreversible harm that mainstream physicians realized that dinitrophenol's risks outweighed its benefits and abandoned its use.

Colman E · Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology (2007)

Historical review (FDA author) of how DNP became a 1930s weight-loss drug via Maurice Tainter and was then abandoned
States the defining safety fact: the therapeutic index was 'razor thin' and thousands suffered irreversible harm before use was abandoned
Irreversible harms included cataracts; the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave regulators the power to halt its sale

Quelle ansehen

5Fallstudie2016

It is extremely toxic in overdose and has a narrow therapeutic window with significant interindividual variability in metabolism ... No antidote currently exists and overdose is often fatal.

Holborow A, Purnell RM, Wong JF · BMJ case reports (2016)

Case report of a fatal intentional DNP overdose in a young man — the lethal endpoint, grounded in a single patient
States the two defining dangers: a narrow therapeutic window with wide interindividual metabolic variability, and NO antidote
Internet-based sales have increased both accidental and intentional overdoses presenting to UK emergency departments

Quelle ansehen

6Beobachtungsstudie1934

A critical survey of the clinical results of dinitrophenol used in the treatment of obesity and nutritional disorders.

Tainter ML, Cutting WC, Stockton AB · American journal of public health and the nation's health (1934)

The original 1930s clinical-use data — Tainter and Cutting's own critical survey of dinitrophenol as an obesity/weight-loss treatment
Documents the historical weight-loss effect via raised metabolic rate that made DNP a mass-market diet drug
Historical/observational clinical reporting, not a modern controlled trial — the top of the (old) human evidence pyramid for efficacy

Quelle ansehen

In der Forschungsbibliothek ansehen

DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death.

Toxicoepidemiology and predictors of death in 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) toxicity.

International trends in systemic human exposures to 2,4 dinitrophenol reported to poisons centres.

Dinitrophenol and obesity: an early twentieth-century regulatory dilemma.

Beware the yellow slimming pill: fatal 2,4-dinitrophenol overdose.

Use of Dinitrophenol in Nutritional Disorders: A Critical Survey of Clinical Results.