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Gp62.5

GHRP-6 – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

9 begutachtete Studien

Was die Evidenz sagt

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

Die meisten Studien zu GHRP-6 sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.

Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus gemischt-qualitativen randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2002–2024 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 69 Teilnehmenden.

Basierend auf 9 Studien · 1 RCT · 725 Teilnehmende insgesamt

Konfidenz

Geringe Konfidenz

Nach Outcome

GH / IGF-1 axis
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Cardio / tissue protection (preclinical)
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Appetite & food intake
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Safety profile
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Lean body mass & muscle growthVorübergehender GH-Anstieg (Surrogatmarker) ohne nachgewiesenen Nutzen für die menschliche Körperzusammensetzung; starke Appetitanregung sowie Cortisol-/Prolaktinanstieg sind Nachteile. · Nicht etabliert (keine Endpunktdaten)
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie

Stetige Forschung

1 Studie in den letzten 5 Jahren

200220132024

1Pilotstudien=9 · very small study2013

GHRP-6 is a growth hormone secretagogue that also enhances tissue viability in different organs.

Cabrales A, Gil J, Fernández E, Valenzuela C, et al. · Eur J Pharm Sci (2013)

Phase-1 pharmacokinetic study in nine healthy men given a single IV bolus of 100, 200 or 400 mcg/kg GHRP-6, quantified by a validated LC-MS method
Disposition best fitted a bi-exponential model; distribution half-life 7.6 ± 1.9 min and elimination half-life 2.5 ± 1.1 h
Exposure (AUC) tended to increase proportionally with dose — i.e. a short-acting hexapeptide

Quelle ansehen

2Pilotstudien=69 · small study2009

During administration of GHRP6 no side effects were observed. GHRP6 alone as a provocative test is highly specific, but with limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults.

Alaioubi B, Mann K, Petersenn S. · Horm Metab Res (2009)

49 patients with suspected hypothalamic/pituitary disease plus 20 healthy controls underwent GHRP-6 (1 mcg/kg) testing; patients also had the insulin tolerance test
Mean GH peak was 3.0 mcg/L in the GH-deficient group vs 14.8 mcg/L in the GH-sufficient group; optimal cut-point 3.5 mcg/L (80% sensitivity, 95% specificity)
Demonstrates GHRP-6's transient, GH-raising effect used as a diagnostic provocative stimulus in humans

Quelle ansehen

3Beobachtungsstudien=542 · large study2006

This study confirms that the combined provocative test is adequate to separate normal and GH-deficient subjects.

Kelestimur F, Popovic V, Leal A, Van Dam PS, et al. · Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2006)

GHRH + GHRP-6-induced GH peaks evaluated in 542 subjects (healthy normal-weight, overweight, obese, morbidly obese, and GH-deficient patients)
Adiposity had a strong negative effect on the elicited GH peak (r = -0.503, P < 0.0001) — GH response falls with rising body fat
Established BMI-adjusted cut-offs for the combined GHRH + GHRP-6 provocative test

Quelle ansehen

4Pilotstudien=69 · small study2010

GHRP6 led to significant activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Alaioubi B, Mann K, Petersenn S. · Horm Metab Res (2010)

49 patients with suspected HPA-axis dysfunction and 20 healthy controls received GHRP-6 (1 mcg/kg); serum cortisol over 90 min was the main outcome
Mean cortisol peak was 227 nmol/L in adrenal-insufficient vs 395 nmol/L in adrenal-sufficient patients; ROC threshold ~299 nmol/L
Confirms that GHRP-6 activates the HPA axis and raises cortisol — relevant as an off-target effect for performance use

Quelle ansehen

5Tierstudie2005

GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular function and remodeling in CHF rats... GHRP suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Xu XB, Pang JJ, Cao JM, Ni C. · Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (2005)

Pressure-overload chronic-heart-failure rats were treated with one of four GH-releasing peptides (GHRP-1, -2, -6 or hexarelin, 100 mcg/kg) or saline, twice daily for 3 weeks
GHRP treatment improved LV ejection fraction and remodeling, alleviated cardiac cachexia, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Lowered elevated stress hormones (catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, ANP) and raised cardiac GHS-receptor mRNA

Quelle ansehen

6Tierstudie2002

GH and GHRP-6 modulate IGF-I expression in the central nervous system... coincident with activation of intracellular signaling pathways used by IGF-I and increased expression of proteins involved in cell survival or neuroprotection.

Frago LM, Pañeda C, Dickson SL, Hewson AK, et al. · Endocrinology (2002)

Adult male rats treated with GHRP-6 (or GH) for 1 week showed increased IGF-I mRNA in hypothalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus
GHRP-6 activated pro-survival signaling (phosphorylation of Akt and Bad) and raised the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the same regions
Supports a cytoprotective / neuroprotective mechanism downstream of the GH/IGF-1 axis

Quelle ansehen

7Tierstudie2011

Intra-VTA delivery of the ghrelin receptor antagonist [Lys-3]-GHRP-6 selectively reduced caloric intake of high-fat chow and reduced body weight gain.

King SJ, Isaacs AM, O'Farrell E, Abizaid A. · Horm Behav (2011)

In rats, ghrelin (the natural GHS-R1a agonist) increased chow intake and body-weight gain and the motivation to work for palatable food
The ghrelin-receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 conversely reduced high-fat caloric intake and body-weight gain
Illustrates the GHS-R1a appetite/reward axis that GHRP-6 (as an agonist) stimulates — i.e. why GHRP-6 increases hunger

Quelle ansehen

8Übersicht2006

These ligands have several cardiovascular activities, including a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia, and vasoactive and cardiotropic effects in both experimental models and humans.

Cao JM, Ong H, Chen C. · Trends Endocrinol Metab (2006)

Review of ghrelin and synthetic GH secretagogues (including GHRP-6) and their cardiovascular actions via GHS-R1a and peripheral binding sites
Summarizes cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia plus vasoactive and cardiotropic effects in experimental models
Notes that cardiovascular GHS-receptor signalling pathways are not fully documented

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9RCTn=36 · small study2024

EGF + GHRP6 therapy was safe. The functional benefits of treatment in this study supported a Phase III study.

Hernández-Bernal F, Estenoz-García D, Gutiérrez-Ronquillo JH, et al. · Front Neurol (2024)

Multicentric, randomized, open-label, controlled phase I/II trial: 36 acute ischemic stroke patients given EGF + GHRP-6 (3.5 or 5 mg i.v., BID for 7 days) vs standard care
Primary endpoint was safety over 6 months; serious adverse events were not increased vs control (30% and 20% in treated groups vs 56% control)
Treated patients showed a favourable neurological (NIHSS) and functional (Barthel, modified Rankin) recovery signal at 90 and 180 days with a moderate-to-strong effect size

Quelle ansehen

In der Forschungsbibliothek ansehen

GHRP-6 – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

Pharmacokinetic study of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 6 (GHRP-6) in nine male healthy volunteers.

Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults: provocative testing with GHRP6 in comparison to the insulin tolerance test.

Effect of obesity and morbid obesity on the growth hormone (GH) secretion elicited by the combined GHRH + GHRP-6 test.

Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency using the GHRP-6 Test: comparison with the insulin tolerance test in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disease.

GH-releasing peptides improve cardiac dysfunction and cachexia and suppress stress-related hormones and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with heart failure.

Growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase brain insulin-like growth factor-I expression and activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection.

Motivation to obtain preferred foods is enhanced by ghrelin in the ventral tegmental area.

Effects of ghrelin and synthetic GH secretagogues on the cardiovascular system.

Combination therapy of Epidermal Growth Factor and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hexapeptide in acute ischemic stroke: a phase I/II non-blinded, randomized clinical trial.