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I8.5
Iodine – Forschung
Gemischte Evidenz
133 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Gemischte Evidenz
Die Studien sind gespalten: Iodine half in 3 von 10 Fällen, der Rest war ergebnislos oder zeigte keinen Nutzen.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 1986–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 1,660 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 133 Studien · 37 Meta-Analysen · 70 RCTs · 63,605 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
3geholfen4unklar3nicht geholfen· 123 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Thyroid function
Gemischte Evidenz104 Studien
Women's healthUnterstützt einen gesunden Östrogenstoffwechsel und das hormonelle Gleichgewicht · 4-8 weeks · Liefert essenzielle Nährstoffe für eine gesunde Schwangerschaft · Ongoing
Begrenzte Belege45 Studien
Cognitive function
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung15 Studien
Safety profile
Begrenzte Belege10 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Diet & iodine status
Hilft vermutlich4 Studien
Topical antisepsis (povidone-iodine)
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 25 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
50%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
64k
typische Studie: 1660 Personen
Stärkste Designs
107
37 gepoolt, 70 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
30%
3/10 Studien
Untersuchte Populationen
Pregnant women4
General population4
Vegan and vegetarian populations1
Case-control participants1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
44 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
198620062026
1Birth weight difference by maternal iodine statusMeta-Analysen=42,269 · very large study2023
Einfach gesagt: Whilst associations were modest-sized, we recommend maintaining iodine sufficiency in the population, especially for women of childbearing age on restricted diets low in iodide.
Greenwood DC et al. · Nutrients (2023)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Could be chance
Birth weight was similar between UIC ≥ 150 μg/L and <150 μg/L (difference = 30 g, 95% CI −22 to 83, p = 0.3, n = 13, I2 = 89%) with no evidence of linear trend (4 g per 50 μg/L, −3 to 10, p = 0.2, n = 12, I2 = 80%).
I:Cr was similar, but with nonlinear trend suggesting I:Cr up to 200 μg/g associated with increasing birthweight (p = 0.02, n = 5).
Birthweight was 2.0 centiles (0.3 to 3.7, p = 0.02, n = 4, I2 = 0%) higher with UIC ≥ 150 μg/g, but not for I:Cr.
2Iodine intake in vegan dietsMeta-Analysen=4,421 · very large study2023
Einfach gesagt: Further research into the usefulness of mandatory fortification of vegan appropriate foods is required.
Eveleigh ER et al. · The British journal of nutrition (2023)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Vegan diets had the poorest iodine intake (17·3 µg/d) and were strongly associated with lower iodine intake (P = < 0·001) compared with omnivorous diets.
Lower intake in vegan diets was influenced by sex (P = 0·007), the presence of voluntary or absence of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) programmes (P = 0·01 & P = < 0·001), and living in a country with adequate iodine nutrition (P = < 0·001).
Vegetarians and particularly vegans living in countries with no current USI programme continue to have increased risk of low iodine status, iodine deficiency and inadequate iodine intake.
3Papillary thyroid cancer occurrenceMeta-Analysen=6,544 · very large study2022
Einfach gesagt: The 10 case-control included studies involved a total of 6,544 participants.
Zhang X et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
Sehr groß Schaden
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
According to the analysis of the included studies, excessive iodine intake (UIC≥300ug/L) was positively associated with the occurrence of PTC patients compared with healthy controls (OR4.05, 95%CI 1.64-10.02, P=0.002).
The 10 case-control included studies involved a total of 6,544 participants.
The results of this meta-analysis showed excessive iodine intake, that is, UIC≥300ug/L was associated with the occurrence of PTC but not with BRAF mutation and LNM while adequate iodine intake (100≤UIC<200ug/L) may be one of the protective factors for PTC.
4Urinary iodine concentration increaseMeta-Analysen=4,317 · very large study2019
Einfach gesagt: The evidence on the effect of iodine fortification of foods, beverages, condiments, or seasonings other than salt on reducing goitre, improving physical development measures, and any adverse effects is uncertain.
Santos JAR et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2019)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
This is equivalent to an increase of 38.32 µg/L (95% CI 24.03 to 52.61 µg/L).
This effect was not observed in the meta-analysis of non-RCTs (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.66; 3 non-RCTs, 262 participants; very low-quality evidence).
The evidence on the effect of iodine fortification of foods, beverages, condiments, or seasonings other than salt on reducing goitre, improving physical development measures, and any adverse effects is uncertain.
13Thyroid nodule developmentMeta-Analysen=31 · small study2025
Einfach gesagt: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that iodine deficiency increases moderately the risk of developing thyroid nodules, while more than adequate and excessive iodine intake does not show a consistent effect.
Gräfe W et al. · Journal of endocrinological investigation (2025)
Spürbar Schaden
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
The pooled odds ratio for iodine deficiency was 1.24 (95% CI [1.16-1.33], I2 = 0.00), while more than adequate and excessive iodine intake showed no significant association.
This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that iodine deficiency increases moderately the risk of developing thyroid nodules, while more than adequate and excessive iodine intake does not show a consistent effect.
However, the heterogeneity of study results and the predominance of cross-sectional designs limit definitive conclusions.