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Oxy4.0
Oxytocin – Forschung
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
12 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
Die meisten Studien zu Oxytocin sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus mittelwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2000–2022 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 52 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 12 Studien · 6 Meta-Analysen · 5 RCTs · 367 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Nach Outcome
Social cognition & behaviour
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung8 Studien
Mood, anxiety & psychiatricUntersucht für soziale Bindung und Stimmung über den Oxytocin-Rezeptor-Agonismus im ZNS; die Evidenz aus Humanstudien (RCT) ist weitgehend ohne Effekt, und Auswirkungen auf Flüssigkeits-/Natriumhaushalt sind zu beachten. · Nicht belegt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Labor, postpartum & lactation
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Safety & adverse effects
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Stetige Forschung
3 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2022
200020112022
1RCTn=290 · medium study2021
This placebo-controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin therapy in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder showed no significant between-group differences in measures of social or cognitive functioning.
Sikich L, Kolevzon A, King BH, et al. · N Engl J Med (2021)
Prophylactic oxytocin compared with placebo reduced the risk of PPH greater than 500 mL, (risk ratio (RR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.74; six trials, 4203 women...) and the need for therapeutic uterotonics (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87, four trials, 3174 women...).
Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized/quasi-randomized trials (10,806 women) of prophylactic oxytocin in the third stage of labour
Prophylactic oxytocin roughly halved the risk of PPH >500 mL versus placebo (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38-0.74) and reduced the need for therapeutic uterotonics (RR 0.56)
Oxytocin was superior to ergot alkaloids for preventing PPH >500 mL with fewer side effects (less nausea/vomiting), and did not increase retained-placenta risk
IN-OT had no significant effect on emotion recognition, a moderate but non-significant effect on empathy, and a small, significant effect on theory of mind.
Keech B, Crowe S, Hocking DR. · Psychoneuroendocrinology (2018)
Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs (466 participants with neurodevelopmental disorders)
No significant effect on emotion recognition; only a small significant effect on theory of mind (Hedges' g=0.21)
Effect not moderated by diagnosis, age, dose, or dosing frequency
Repeated administration of intranasal OT does not improve most of the core symptoms of schizophrenia and ASD, beyond a small tentative effect on schizophrenia general symptoms.
Martins D, Paduraru M, Paloyelis Y. · Br J Pharmacol (2022)
Meta-analysis (including variance/meta-ANOVA) of repeated intranasal oxytocin in schizophrenia and ASD
No improvement on most core symptoms; only a small tentative effect on schizophrenia general symptoms
Signals of response heterogeneity suggest possible responder/non-responder subgroups, not a robust average effect
This study was the first to investigate the efficacy of an extended treatment of oxytocin nasal spray combined with social cognition training to improve social cognition, clinical symptoms, and social functioning in early psychosis.
Intranasal administration of oxytocin... causes a substantial increase in trust among humans... oxytocin specifically affects an individual's willingness to accept social risks arising through interpersonal interactions.
Kosfeld M, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, Fischbacher U, Fehr E. · Nature (2005)
Placebo-controlled experiment: single-dose intranasal oxytocin increased trusting behaviour in an economic trust game
Effect attributed to willingness to take social (not general) risk
The foundational, widely-cited 'love hormone' study that launched the field
Subjects in the oxytocin group show no change in their trusting behavior after they learned that their trust had been breached... associated with a specific reduction in activation in the amygdala, the midbrain regions, and the dorsal striatum.
Baumgartner T, Heinrichs M, Vonlanthen A, Fischbacher U, Fehr E. · Neuron (2008)
Double-blind intranasal oxytocin + fMRI trust-game study
Oxytocin blunted the normal reduction in trust after betrayal, with reduced amygdala/midbrain/striatal activation
Mechanistically informative for the social-salience hypothesis
Several useful oxytocin induction protocols are available... The most important risks include hyperstimulation, failed induction, and uterine rupture in some studies.
Stubbs TM. · Clin Obstet Gynecol (2000)
Clinical review of oxytocin protocols for labor induction (the established, approved medical use)
Higher-dose protocols reduce cesarean for dystocia but increase fetal-distress signals — a managed trade-off
Key risks: uterine hyperstimulation (common, usually brief), failed induction, and rare uterine rupture