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Pec5.7
Pectin – Forschung
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
8 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
Die meisten Studien zu Pectin sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 1985–2022 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 30 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 8 Studien · 1 Meta-Analyse · 4 RCTs · 164 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Mittlere Konfidenz
Nach Outcome
Cholesterol & lipidsModest reduction in total and LDL cholesterol · 3-4 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Heart & blood pressureModest reduction in total and LDL cholesterol · 3-4 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Weight managementIncreased satiety and delayed gastric emptying; modest effect on intake · 4-8 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Micronutrient & trace-element status
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 8 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Untersuchte Personen
164
typische Studie: 30 Personen
Stärkste Designs
5
1 gepoolt, 4 randomisiert
Untersuchte Populationen
Adults2
Healthy adults2
Animal models1
Overweight and obese adults1
Stetige Forschung
1 Studie in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 1999
198520032022
1Total and LDL cholesterol reductionMeta-Analyse1999
Einfach gesagt: Various soluble fibers reduce total and LDL cholesterol by similar amounts. The effect is small within the practical range of intake.
Brown L et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition (1999)
Meta-analysis of 67 controlled trials directly tested pectin, oat bran, guar gum, and psyllium against blood lipids.
Soluble fiber at 2-10 g/d was associated with small but significant decreases in total cholesterol (-0.045 mmol/L per gram; 95% CI: -0.054, -0.035) and LDL cholesterol (-0.057 mmol/L per gram; 95% CI: -0.070, -0.044).
The lipid-lowering effect of pectin was not significantly different from that of oat or psyllium.
2Cholesterol and cardiometabolic markersSystematische Übersicht2022
Einfach gesagt: Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels.
Kim SJ et al. · Frontiers in nutrition (2022)
Eighteen RCTs of whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice — key dietary sources of pectin — were pooled across nine cardiometabolic outcomes.
Total cholesterol (-2.69 mg/dL) and LDL (-2.80 mg/dL) showed a non-significant downward trend overall, but the reduction became significant versus placebo controls and in subjects with high baseline cholesterol.
Apple and apple-derived products modestly reduced HDL cholesterol (-1.04 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.29).
4Appetite and energy intakeCrossovern=29 · very small study2014
Einfach gesagt: Results suggest that different physicochemical properties of pectin, including methods of supplementation, impact appetite and energy intake differently.
Wanders AJ et al. · Physiology & behavior (2014)
Randomized crossover in 29 subjects comparing no pectin, bulking pectin, viscous pectin, and gelled pectin (10 g) in dairy-based test products.
Gelled pectin reduced appetite more than bulking, viscous, or no pectin (p < 0.0001) and delayed gastric emptying (82 ± 18 vs. 70 ± 19 min; p = 0.015).
Despite reduced appetite, there was no significant difference in subsequent energy intake (p = 0.32).
Einfach gesagt: This study suggests that soluble fibres are not all created equal.
Salleh SN et al. · Foods (2019)
Meta-analysis of RCTs pooling the effect of individual soluble fibres on post-meal energy intake.
Pectin had the smallest pooled effect on energy intake (effect size -0.26) among the fibres examined, behind guar gum (-0.90), β-glucan (-0.44), alginate (-0.42), and polydextrose (-0.36).
Guar gum, alginate, and high-dose polydextrose significantly reduced energy intake, whereas pectin's effect was weaker.
6Energy intake and glycemic parametersRCTn=96 · small study2014
Einfach gesagt: There was a directional benefit in ad libitum energy intake for both OFS + P doses compared to control, but the reductions were not significant.
Savastano DM et al. · Nutrition journal (2014)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 96 overweight/obese adults testing oligofructose plus pectin (OFS + P) at 30 g/d and 15 g/d against a maltodextrin control for 3 weeks.
Energy intake fell more with pectin-containing fiber (-58.3 kcal high dose, -74.2 kcal low dose) than control (-9.0 kcal), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.54).
No significant differences in glycemic parameters were seen across groups.
7Gastric emptying and satietyRCTn=9 · very small study1988
Einfach gesagt: As pectin induces satiety and delays gastric emptying in obese patients, it may be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of disorders of overeating.
Di Lorenzo C et al. · Gastroenterology (1988)
Randomized crossover in 9 obese adults comparing 15 g pectin added to a meal versus 15 g methylcellulose control.
Pectin significantly delayed gastric emptying half-time (116 ± 23 min vs. 71 ± 17 min; p < 0.001).
Pectin significantly increased the sensation of satiety (98 ± 7 vs. 74 ± 17; p < 0.001).
Einfach gesagt: Neither pectin, cellulose, nor lignin significantly altered serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or the ratio of high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol in healthy normolipidemic subjects.
Hillman LC et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition (1985)
Eight-week randomized crossover studies in three groups of 10 healthy volunteers testing pectin (12 g/d), cellulose (15 g/d), and lignin (12 g/d).
None of the three fibers significantly altered serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, or HDL cholesterol in these normolipidemic subjects.
The null result illustrates that pectin's lipid effect is smaller and less reliable in people who already have normal cholesterol.