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Spd4.2
Spermidine – Forschung
Hilft vermutlich
40 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft vermutlich
Spermidine half in etwa der Hälfte (2/4) der Studien, die einen Effekt gemessen haben — vielversprechend, aber nicht einhellig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2009–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 40 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 40 Studien · 13 RCTs · 6,747 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
2geholfen1unklar1nicht geholfen· 36 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Longevity & agingGeringere Sterblichkeit nur in Beobachtungskohorten; keine Longevity-Studie am Menschen · Fortlaufend
Hilft vermutlich37 Studien
Cognitive function
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung7 Studien
InflammationVeränderungen von Entzündungsmarkern nur in kleinen Pilotstudien beobachtet · Fortlaufend
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Neuroprotection & brain agingDie größte RCT fand keinen Nutzen für das Gedächtnis; kleine Pilotstudien uneinheitlich · Fortlaufend
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung5 Studien
Heart & blood pressure
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Immune support
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Fertility & reproductive
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Safety profile
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 26 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
50%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
6,747
typische Studie: 40 Personen
Stärkste Designs
13
0 gepoolt, 13 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
50%
2/4 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–3 Monate
3
3+ Monate
1
Untersuchte Populationen
General population2
Adults2
Older adults with subjective cognitive decline2
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
30 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren
200920172026
1Gut dysbiosis in abdominal aortic aneurysmSystematische ÜbersichtCited 3×2024
With our expanding knowledge of the downstream pathogenic mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, novel therapeutics such as short-chain fatty acids and spermidine, as well as prognostic biomarkers such as TM...
Chui ESH et al. · Asian journal of surgery (2024)
With our expanding knowledge of the downstream pathogenic mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, novel therapeutics such as short-chain fatty acids and spermidine, as well as prognostic biomarkers such as TMAO have yielded promising preclinical results.
In conclusion, there is strong evidence corroborating the role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of AAA, wherein its therapeutic and prognostic potential deserves further exploration.
2Intestinal aging and polyamine availabilitySystematische Übersicht2026
In conclusion, modulating the diet-microbiota-polyamine axis represents a promising strategy to promote healthy intestinal aging, meriting deeper mechanistic exploration and validation through clinical studies.
Mafe AN et al. · Nutrients (2026)
It further discusses how age-associated dysbiosis disrupts these interactions and evaluates nutritional and microbial-based strategies such as fermented foods, prebiotics, and probiotics that may enhance polyamine availability and restore gut homeostasis.
From the standpoint of food microbiology and human physiology, this synthesis underscores the translational potential of targeting microbial polyamine production through diet-based interventions.
This article presents a narrative review synthesizing experimental, animal, and emerging human evidence on microbial and dietary polyamines in intestinal aging.
However, few studies evaluated longitudinal progression, and only a limited number of studies identified predictive biomarkers, including circulating miRNA panels and spermidine levels.
ROBINS-I assessment showed substantial risk of bias, mainly related to confounding and selective reporting.
Heterogeneity was observed across study designs and outcome definitions.
Bringing together current knowledge on the significance of spermidine in both plants and humans, this review aims to trace its journey From Farm to Pharm, highlighting its importance for sustainable crop production, improved nutrition, and emerging pharmacological applications.
Blagojević BD, Brunel-Muguet S, Šućur R, Mladenov V, Balaž I, Vollmann J, Fotopoulos V, Mäder K. · NPJ science of food (2026)
From the aspect of human health, spermidine is mainly studied for healthy ageing properties and has been associated with cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancerogenic effects.
On the other hand, being present in all plants, spermidine is essential for growth, development, and stress adaptation.
Endogenously or when exogenously applied, spermidine can help plants adapt to harsh climate change conditions.
6Colorectal adenomatous polyp riskBeobachtungsstudieCited 41×n=1,164 · large study2012
This study showed a role for dietary polyamines in colorectal adenoma risk.
Vargas AJ et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition (2012)
Groß Schaden
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
A dietary intake of polyamines above the median amount in the study population was associated with 39% increased risk of colorectal adenoma at follow-up (adjusted OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.83) in the pooled sample.
In addition, younger participants (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.08), women (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.00), and ODC GG genotype carriers (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.53) had significantly increased odds of colorectal adenoma if they consumed above-median polyamine amounts.
This study showed a role for dietary polyamines in colorectal adenoma risk.
7Safety and tolerability of spermidine supplementationRCTCited 9×n=37 · small study2024
These findings suggest that hpSPD at 40 mg/day for up to 28 days is safe and well-tolerated in healthy older men.
Keohane P et al. · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) (2024)
These findings suggest that hpSPD at 40 mg/day for up to 28 days is safe and well-tolerated in healthy older men.
The study is consistent with preclinical results and provides important evidence supporting the safety of high-purity spermidine supplementation, enabling further research with single-molecule spermidine to investigate its potential biology for improving human health.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05459961).
9Mnemonic discrimination performanceRCTCited 69×n=100 · medium study2022
In this randomized clinical trial, longer-term spermidine supplementation in participants with subjective cognitive decline did not modify memory and biomarkers compared with placebo.
Schwarz C et al. · JAMA network open (2022)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Could be chance
A total of 100 participants (51 in the spermidine group and 49 in the placebo group) were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 69 [5] years; 49 female participants [49%]).
Over 12 months, no significant changes were observed in mnemonic discrimination performance (between-group difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.05; P = .47) and secondary outcomes.
In this randomized clinical trial, longer-term spermidine supplementation in participants with subjective cognitive decline did not modify memory and biomarkers compared with placebo.
Intake of the combined supplements showed they were bioavailable and increased in plasma in a dose-dependent manner and provide preliminary data showing enhanced plasma anti-inflammatory and antiox...
Rhodes CH et al. · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) (2024)
Intake of the combined supplements showed they were bioavailable and increased in plasma in a dose-dependent manner and provide preliminary data showing enhanced plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05017428).
11Spermidine levels in blood plasma and salivaCrossoverCited 26×n=12 · very small study2023
It is rather unlikely that spermidine supplements with doses <15 mg/d exert any short-term effects.
Senekowitsch S et al. · Nutrients (2023)
The plasma metabolome was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. (3) Results: Compared with a placebo, spermidine supplementation significantly increased spermine levels in the plasma, but it did not affect spermidine or putrescine levels.
No effect on salivary polyamine concentrations was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study's results suggest that dietary spermidine is presystemically converted into spermine, which then enters systemic circulation.
Presumably, the in vitro and clinical effects of spermidine are at least in part attributable to its metabolite, spermine.
The results of this study reveal multiple functionalities and immunological pathways affected by PF in humans, identify candidates for the development of fasting mimetic compounds, and uncover targets for investigation in longevity research.
Rhodes CH et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition (2023)
Furthermore, we found that these metabolites and their combination significantly extended the median lifespan of C. elegans by as much as 96%.
The results of this study reveal multiple functionalities and immunological pathways affected by PF in humans, identify candidates for the development of fasting mimetic compounds, and uncover targets for investigation in longevity research.
13Reactive hyperemia index (RHI)RCTCited 48×n=44 · small study2019
This study suggests that consuming Bifal + Arg YG prevents or reduces the risk of atherosclerosis.
Matsumoto M et al. · Nutrients (2019)
The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), the primary outcome, was measured using endo-peripheral arterial tone (EndoPAT).
The change in RHI from week 0 to 12 in the Bifal + Arg YG group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, indicating that Bifal + Arg YG intake improved endothelial function.
This study suggests that consuming Bifal + Arg YG prevents or reduces the risk of atherosclerosis.
14Biomarkers of autophagy and cardiometabolic healthPilotstudieCited 1×n=12 · very small study2025
This pilot study found that 3.3 mg/day of spermidine from Miricell® rice germ extract tends to improve biomarkers of autophagy, neuroprotection, and cardiometabolic health.
Bruno G et al. · Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2025)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Compared to baseline, only the 3.3 mg dose of spermidine from Miricell® increased Beclin-1 by 7.3%, ULK-1 by 13.4%, and BDNF by 12.1%.
Compared to baseline, the same dose resulted in a 20.8% decrease in hs-CRP, a 20.1% decrease in VLDL, and a 26.9% decrease in triglycerides.
This pilot study found that 3.3 mg/day of spermidine from Miricell® rice germ extract tends to improve biomarkers of autophagy, neuroprotection, and cardiometabolic health.
15Cognitive performance improvementRCTCited 47×n=85 · small study2021
By comparison, the group which had a lower spermidine intake showed consistent or declining cognitive performance.
Pekar T et al. · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift (2021)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
Blood samples were taken for the determination of spermidine concentration and measurement of metabolic parameters.
The results demonstrated a clear correlation between the intake of spermidine and the improvement in cognitive performance in subjects with mild and moderate dementia in the group treated with the higher spermidine dosage.
The most substantial improvement in test performance was found in the group of subjects with mild dementia with an increase of 2.23 points (p = 0.026) in the mini mental state examination (MMSE) and 1.99 (p = 0.47) in phonematic fluidity.
In this pilot trial, nutritional spermidine was associated with a positive impact on memory performance in older adults with subject cognitive decline.
Wirth M et al. · Cortex (2018)
Phase IIa pilot trial in 30 cognitively intact older adults (60-80 years) with subjective cognitive decline given a spermidine-rich plant extract for 3 months.
Memory performance was moderately enhanced in the spermidine group versus placebo (Cohen's d = .77; 95% CI crossed zero).
Mnemonic discrimination ability improved in the spermidine group with a medium effect size; no similar effect in placebo.
17Disease progression predictionRCTCited 61×n=38 · small study2018
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the metabolomics has a role in evaluating the biological effect of an investigational drug and may be a candidate biomarker as a secondary outcome measure in clinical trials.
Blasco H et al. · PloS one (2018)
To predict SVC from SM C24:1 in group O and SVC from SM OH C22:2 and SM C16:1 in group P+O, we noted a median sensitivity between 67% and 100%, a specificity between 66.7 and 71.4%, a positive predictive value between 66 and 75% and a negative predictive value between 70% and 100% in the test sets.
Changes in metabolomic profiles were closely linked to clinical progression, and correlated with glutamine levels in Group P and amino acids, lipids and spermidine levels in Group O.
Multivariate models accurately predicted disease progression and highlighted the discriminant role of sphingomyelins (SM C22:3, SM C24:1, SM OH C22:2, SM C16:1).
Similarly, no significant effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) was induced by...
Manzoni MSJ et al. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) (2017)
Similarly, no significant effect on the production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) was induced by the synbiotic or placebo beverages consumption.
The results herein indicate that both the synbiotic and the placebo beverage consumption have increased polyamines levels, which are often reduced in elderly individuals, without influencing inflammatory responses.
In addition, both placebo and synbiotic beverages seems to contribute by maintaining increased polyamines levels.
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Lugart C et al. · Molecular human reproduction (2026)
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20Lifespan extension, anti-inflammation and metabolic regulationSystematische Übersicht2026
Future work should validate molecular mechanisms via in vivo models and clinical trials, develop sustainable production and targeted delivery systems, thus promoting spermidine's translation from basic research to industrial and societal applications.
Liu S, Chen B, Yan C, Zhu X, Liu J, Li N, Wang Z, Liu H. · Food chemistry (2026)
Dietary spermidine has become a key research focus, with evidence linking its intake to multiple health benefits such as lifespan extension, anti-inflammation and metabolic regulation, sparking interest in its use in functional foods and nutritional interventions.
It also serves as a promising biomarker for evaluating food freshness and disease-related metabolic status.
Current research is shifting from mechanistic studies to application development.