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Yhb5.0
Yohimbine – Forschung
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
22 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
Die meisten Studien zu Yohimbine sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 1993–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 41 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 22 Studien · 3 Meta-Analysen · 5 RCTs · 6,374 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Nach Outcome
Anxiety & stress
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Erectile function & male vitalityMäßige Verbesserung der erektilen Funktion gegenüber Placebo, am deutlichsten in Kombination mit anderen Wirkstoffen · 2-8 Wochen · Erhöht den sympathischen/noradrenergen Tonus und unterstützt die erektile Funktion; per se kein Testosteron- oder Hormonmodulator · 2-8 Wochen
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Fat loss & body compositionMäßige Fettmobilisierung (am besten nüchtern, in hartnäckigen Fettdepots); eine kleine RCT zeigte ~2% weniger Körperfett über 3 Wochen · 3-8 Wochen
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Heart & blood pressure
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Endurance & exercise performanceWird als Pre-Workout-Stimulans verwendet; keine nachgewiesene Verbesserung bei Kraft, Leistung oder Leistungsmarkern · 30-60 Minuten (akut)
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
17 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
199320092026
1Systematische Übersichtn=25 · very small study2026
We discuss potential research directions and suggest steps for greater comparability of findings between compounds, memory models, and laboratories.
Xia Y, Quednow BB, Bach DR. · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews (2026)
We summarise the effect of each investigated compound across memory models, according to the targeted memory stage.
Furthermore, 15 compounds showed significant effects in individual studies with no published replication attempts to date.
We discuss potential research directions and suggest steps for greater comparability of findings between compounds, memory models, and laboratories.
These findings suggest that provocation methods targeting acid-base balance, especially sodium lactate infusion, are associated with superior diagnostic discrimination between individuals with PD and healthy controls.
Tural U, Shannon SR, Iosifescu DV. · Journal of psychiatric research (2026)
Breath holding, fenfluramine and flumazenil did not demonstrate statistically significant discriminative ability.
Meta-regression analysis confirmed that sodium lactate yielded significantly higher DORs than m-CPP, hyperventilation, CO 2 , fenfluramine, flumazenil, and yohimbine.
No substantial between-study heterogeneity or publication bias was identified across the pooled analyses.
Collectively, this review aims to stimulate new perspectives on the discovery and synthetic innovation of corynanthe alkaloids, providing a valuable resource for researchers in natural-product chemistry and drug development.
Liu C, Tong M, Otsuki K, Li W, Feng F, Zhang J. · Natural product reports (2026)
Growing insight into ajmaline biosynthesis and recent advances in the synthetic construction of corynantheine-type scaffolds have renewed interest in this family.
However, contemporary reviews largely emphasize structural diversity and biological function, while offering limited systematic coverage of biosynthetic logic or total-synthesis strategies.
The present review compiles corynanthe alkaloids reported between 2006 and 2025 and summarizes their natural sources.
We highlight broader societal implications, offering a potential biological mechanism underlying the self-perpetuating cycle of intergroup conflict.
Dashti D, Lüpken LM, Seidisarouei M, Forbes PAG, Schnitzler A, Kalenscher T. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2025)
Participants then chose either to 1) maximize their own payoff, 2) cooperatively increase the payoff of their in-group, or 3) increase the in-group's payoff while competitively decreasing that of the out-group.
Consistent with our hypotheses, glucocorticoid activation increased generosity toward the in-group, whereas noradrenergic activation increased parochial competition, i.e., prosocial in-group support combined with hostility toward the out-group.
These findings challenge the dichotomy between fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend, suggesting stress-related behavior is neither static nor one-directional, but shaped by the relative dominance of cortisol versus noradrenaline in the neurohormonal stress response and by intergroup dynamics.
Conclusion Pharmacological therapy with cabergoline, yohimbine, bupropion, and pycnogenol can have a positive effect on the orgasmic function of patients with primary or secondary anorgasmia.
While fear extinction provides an exciting translational opportunity to improve PTSD based on basic science findings, we review limitations and challenges of the extant literature as well as future directions.
While fear extinction provides an exciting translational opportunity to improve PTSD based on basic science findings, we review limitations and challenges of the extant literature as well as future directions.
Clinicians should maintain awareness that supplements may produce serious and sometimes life-threatening cardiovascular poisoning.
Corcoran J. · Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) (2025)
Animal-derived cardioactive steroids from the Bufo spp. of toad used as an aphrodisiac also cause clinically significant cardiac toxicity and death.
Endocrine modulators Supplemental use of black licorice induces hypokalemia, and is associated with the development of torsade de pointes.
Conclusion Clinically significant cardiovascular toxicity associated with supplement use is a fortunately rare phenomenon that can occur via multiple mechanisms.
Building robust real-world and stratified clinical trials based on underlying pathophysiology may pave the way for further drug development and better clinical strategies and in this challenging unmet medical need.
Kulkarni S, Jenkins D, Dhar A, Mir F. · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology (2024)
Yohimbine remains an investigational agent.
A multidisciplinary team may be required in some patients with multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy.
However, there is a lack of robust efficacy and safety evidence for all therapies.
However, safety concerns remain outstanding and temperance should be used when using YHM and similar sympathomimetics.
Porrill SL, Rogers RR, Ballmann CG. · Neurology international (2024)
Performance enhancement with YHM is mediated by mechanistic underpinnings of physiological and psychological alterations to exercise responses including increased sympathetic activation, adaptive hemodynamic changes, increased alertness, and decreased fatigue.
However, YHM use is not without risk as it has high interindividual variability in bioavailability, can be deceptively potent, lacks widely accepted dosing recommendations, and, when taken in large doses, has been empirically documented to result in serious side effects.
Despite this, the evidence presented in this review suggests low doses of YHM are tolerable and may serve as an ideal exercise training aid due to acute enhancement of physical performance.
Our results contrast with previous findings, which may be attributable to systematic differences between paradigms, highlighting the need to isolate paradigm-specific effects from those related to stress.
Lipka R, Rosada C, Metz S, Hellmann-Regen J, Heekeren H, Wingenfeld K. · Social cognitive and affective neuroscience (2024)
Here, we present results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-group paradigm (N = 165 healthy males) administering 10 mg oral yohimbine and/or 10 mg oral hydrocortisone two hours prior to resting state scanning.
We found no changes in within-network connectivity of the three networks, both after single and combined drug administration.
We further report the results of Bayesian parameter inference to provide evidence for the null hypothesis.
Future research should address time-, dose-, and sex-dependencies of pharmacological effects on decision-making.
Sarmiento LF, Ríos-Flórez JA, Rincón Uribe FA, Rodrigues Lima R, Kalenscher T, Gouveia A, Nitsch FJ. · Social cognitive and affective neuroscience (2024)
Integrating the evidence, we found that SAM system stimulation had no impact on risk aversion, loss aversion or intertemporal choice, while SAM system inhibition showed a tentative reduction in sensitivity to losses.
HPA axis stimulation had no effect on loss aversion or reward anticipation but likely a time-dependent effect on decision under risk.
Lastly, combined stimulation of both systems exhibited inconsistent results that could be explained by dose differences (loss aversion) and sex differences (risk aversion).
The meta-analysis demonstrated that yohimbine is superior to placebo in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (odds ratio 3.85, 95% confidence interval 6.67 to 2.22). Serious adverse reactions were infrequent and reversible.
Ernst E et al. · The Journal of urology (1998)
Yohimbine significantly more effective than placebo for ED
Adverse events were mostly mild and reversible
Supports yohimbine (the isolated alkaloid) for ED specifically
Both Yohimbine alone (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.32) and combined (OR 6.35, 95% CI 3.01-13.41) showed a significantly greater probability of erectile function improvement compared to the placebo group.
Wibowo DNSA, Soebadi DM, Soebadi MA · Turkish journal of urology (2021)
Systematic review and meta-analysis of eight RCTs comparing yohimbine to placebo for ED
Yohimbine improved erectile function alone and (more strongly) in combination
Yohimbine alone did not clearly improve broader sexual function unless combined
Given the complimentary mechanisms of action and the favourable safety profiles, the findings pave the way for future efficacy studies.
Leutzendorff A, Al Jalali V, Bauer M, Minichmayr IK, Reiter B, Duchek MW, Nussbaumer-Pröll A, Weber M, Eberl S, Spies M, Sarhan M, Geilen J, Walther A, Drai D, Zeitlinger M. · British journal of clinical pharmacology (2025)
Differences in the area under the curve after multiple dosing (MD) were determined using an equivalence boundary of 80-125%.
Results The geometric mean ratio of the area under the curve up to 12 h for MD CLOMI (combination vs. monotherapy) was 112% (90% confidence interval: 104-120%), whereas for MD YOH this ratio was 137% (90% confidence interval: 112-168%).
However, according to European Medicines Agency guidelines, the effect can be classified as interaction absent (<1,25 fold) or minor (>1.25-<2-fold).
The study procedure has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT04359147).
Rosada C, Lipka R, Metz S, Otte C, Heekeren H, Wingenfeld K. · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) (2024)
Discussion The group with elevated NE and cortisol showed significantly increased RSFC between the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum compared to placebo.
These three brain areas are involved in associative learning and emotional memory, suggesting a critical role for this network in the human stress response.
Our results show that NE and cortisol together may influence the strength of this association.
Conclusion In conclusion, we observed an increased midazolam exposure most likely related to pantoprazole.
Stoll F, Blank A, Mikus G, Czock D, Weiss J, Meyer-Tönnies MJ, Gümüs KS, Tzvetkov M, Burhenne J, Haefeli WE. · European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (2024)
Midazolam AUC 2-4 h was 25% higher on the day of HCQ administration than at baseline (p = 0.0007).
This significant increase was driven by the pantoprazole subgroup, which showed a 46% elevation of midazolam AUC 2-4 h as compared with baseline (p < 0.0001).
The ratio of midazolam to 1-OH-midazolam partial AUC 2-4 h significantly increased from 3.03 ± 1.59 (baseline) to 3.60 ± 1.56 (HCQ) in the pantoprazole group (p = 0.0026).
Rohr BS, Krohmer E, Foerster KI, Burhenne J, Schulz M, Blank A, Mikus G, Haefeli WE. · Clinical pharmacokinetics (2024)
A CYP3A4 recovery half-life of 2.3 days was determined.
Conclusion This trial with three microdosed FXaI suggests that at most the rivaroxaban dose should be reduced during short-term ritonavir, and only in patients receiving high maintenance doses.
Thorough time series analyses demonstrated differential effects on three different drug-metabolising enzymes over time with immediate profound inhibition of CYP3A4 and only slow recovery after discontinuation.
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor activation causes marked retention of lipids in adipose tissue due to vasoconstriction in combination with antilipolysis ... The pseudolipolytic effect of clonidine was significantly more pronounced in gluteal as compared with abdominal adipose tissue.
Galitzky J, Lafontan M, Nordenström J, Arner P · The Journal of clinical investigation (1993)
In-situ microdialysis of human subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy subjects
Alpha-2 activation retains fat via vasoconstriction plus antilipolysis; yohimbine (alpha-2 antagonist) blunts it
Effect more pronounced in gluteal than abdominal fat — the mechanistic basis of 'stubborn fat'
The quantity of the most active alkaloid, yohimbine, per recommended serving ranged from none detected to 12.1 mg ... Most of these were inaccurately labelled (actual content ranged from 23% to 147% of the content on the label).
Cohen PA, Wang YH, Maller G, DeSouza R, Khan IA · Drug testing and analysis (2016)
Analytical study of 49 US yohimbe/yohimbine supplement brands by LC-MS
Yohimbine per serving ranged from none detected to 12.1 mg; most labels were inaccurate (23-147% of stated)
Only 22% listed a specific yohimbine quantity; 18% gave no adverse-effect information