40 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10
Zhou P et al. • PloS one (2024)
The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary.
Barbonetti A et al. • The journal of sexual medicine (2024)
Against a background of general ineffectiveness of most nutraceutical interventions, L-Arginine and the mix PLC + ALC appeared to be of some usefulness in improving erectile function, especially in combination with PDE5i in organic ED.
Li KP et al. • Frontiers in endocrinology (2022)
l-Carnitine was ranked first in sperm motility and sperm morphology. ω-3 fatty acid was ranked first in sperm concentration.
Wadman RI et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2020)
Nusinersen improves motor function in SMA type II, based on moderate-certainty evidence.
Rolim LC et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2019)
We are very uncertain whether ALC causes a reduction in pain after 6 to 12 months' treatment in people with DPN, when compared with placebo, as the evidence is sparse and of low certainty.
Scafuri L et al. • Nutrients (2025)
However, the evidence is mixed across supplement types, and further research is needed to determine the most effective and safe approaches.
Niu C et al. • Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) (2025)
CoQ10 was the most effective intervention measure for improving sperm concentration, and L-carnitine was regarded as the best treatment method for enhancing sperm motility.
Liao Z et al. • Nutrients (2023)
This meta-analysis examined the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine.
Li S et al. • PloS one (2015)
The current evidence suggests that ALC has a moderate effect in reducing pain measured on VAS in PNP patients with acceptable safety.
Jiang Q et al. • Annals of hepatology (2013)
Acetyl-L-carnitine is promising as an effective and tolerable treatment for hepatic encephalopathy that associated with improved serum ammonia levels and the number connection test.
Jesus Palma AC et al. • Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses (2025)
Duloxetine is an effective and well-tolerated option, while pregabalin shows promising results but requires further investigation.
Rodrigues Cordeiro C et al. • Journal of psychiatric research (2023)
This is the first systematic review about triggers/precipitants of relapse in BD.
Veronese N et al. • Psychosomatic Medicine (2018)
ALCAR significantly reduced depressive symptoms comparable to antidepressants.
Pereira PTVT et al. • Breast cancer research and treatment (2018)
Dietary supplements or diet patterns are seldom used to treat fatigue in patients with breast cancer.
Parks NE et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2020)
There are a variety of controlled trials addressing the effects of dietary interventions for MS with substantial variation in active treatment, comparator, and outcomes of interest.
Martí-Carvajal AJ et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2019)
This Cochrane systematic review analysed a heterogeneous group of five trials at high risk of bias and with high risk of random errors conducted by only one research team.
Frediani JK et al. • Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain (2024)
Based on the review, we cannot recommend any supplement use for the management of CIPN, although further research into N-acetyl-cysteine, l-carnosine, crocin, and magnesium is warranted.
Pu J et al. • Molecular psychiatry (2021)
This meta-analysis examined the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine.
Rueda JR et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2015)
Low-quality evidence from two small trials showed that when compared to placebo, LAC may not improve intellectual functioning or hyperactive behaviour in children with FXS.
Kumar R et al. • Bipolar disorders (2024)
This systematic review provides preliminary evidence that ketamine may cause changes in several important pathways involved in energy metabolism and inflammation.