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Adp3.2
Adipotide (FTPP) Research
Mostly mechanism / observationalLimited safety
5 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most Adipotide (FTPP) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from mixed-quality studies published 2004–2013.
Based on 5 studies
Confidence
Low
By outcome
Weight & fat loss (preclinical)
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Glucose & insulin resistance (preclinical)
Too few graded studies2 studies
Safety profile
Too few graded studies2 studies
Kidney toxicity (dose-limiting)
Too few graded studies1 study
Older research base
Newest study from 2013
20042013
1Animal2004
Targeting a proapoptotic peptide to prohibitin in the adipose vasculature caused ablation of white fat. Resorption of established white adipose tissue and normalization of metabolism resulted in rapid obesity reversal without detectable adverse effects.
Kolonin MG, Saha PK, Chan L, Pasqualini R, Arap W. · Nat Med (2004)
Foundational proof-of-concept: in vivo phage display isolated the CKGGRAKDC peptide that homes to white-fat vasculature and binds prohibitin
Fusing a proapoptotic peptide to that homing motif ablated white adipose tissue in obese mice
Resorption of established white fat normalized metabolism and rapidly reversed obesity
2Animal2011
Treatment with adipotide induced targeted apoptosis within blood vessels of white adipose tissue and resulted in rapid weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys ... monkeys from three different species displayed predictable and reversible changes in renal proximal tubule function.
Barnhart KF, Christianson DR, Hanley PW, Driessen WH, Bernacky BJ, Baze WB, et al. · Sci Transl Med (2011)
The pivotal translation step: the ligand-directed peptidomimetic CKGGRAKDC-GG-(D)(KLAKLAK)2 ('adipotide') tested in obese Old World monkeys
Induced targeted apoptosis in white-fat blood vessels with rapid weight loss and improved insulin resistance, confirmed by MRI and DXA
MANDATORY COUNTER-EVIDENCE: at effective doses, monkeys of three species showed predictable, reversible changes in renal proximal-tubule function — the dose-limiting toxicity
The systemic injection of DIO mice with a low dose of KLA-PTNP, rather than a bioconjugate composed of the same targeting peptide and KLA (Adipotide) resulted in a reduction in body weight.
Hossen MN, Kajimoto K, Akita H, Hyodo M, Harashima H. · J Control Release (2013)
Compared a prohibitin-targeted nanoparticle carrying the KLA proapoptotic peptide against the adipotide bioconjugate itself in diet-induced-obese mice
Both target the same prohibitin marker on adipose vasculature; the nanoparticle achieved weight reduction at a low dose with reduced serum leptin
Reported reduced ectopic fat in liver and muscle and raised adiponectin, with no detectable hepatotoxicity in the nanoparticle arm
Approaches in which the mature WAT vasculature is disrupted have been sought with the aim of combating obesity after its onset ... This review discusses recent advances in WAT vascular targeting and implications for the development of new anti-obesity therapeutics.
Review from the Kolonin lab framing the vascular-targeting anti-obesity strategy that adipotide embodies
Explains that white-adipose-tissue expansion depends on angiogenesis, so disrupting or ablating the mature WAT vasculature can combat established obesity
Discusses adipose stromal cells and other WAT vascular targets as candidates for combinatorial treatment