Ae8.5

Artichoke Extract Research

38 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 8.5/10

Lipid-lowering activity of artichoke extracts: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sahebkar A et al. • Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2018)

Thus, supplementation with artichoke extract was associated with a significant reduction in both total and LDL-C, and triglycerides, suggesting that supplementation may be synergistic with lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary statistics.
No significant alteration in plasma High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations was observed (WMD: 1.0 mg/dL, 95%CI: -1.1, 3.1, p = 0.333).
A significant association between the LDL-lowering effect of artichoke and baseline LDL-C concentrations (slope: -0.170; 95%CI: -0.288, 0.051; p = 0.005) was observed.

Meta-Analysisn=702

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Effect of Artichoke Leaf Extract Supplementation on Hepatic and Lipid Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Sahebkar A, Pirro M, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, Atkin SL, Cicero AFG • Phytomedicine (2018)

Artichoke leaf extract significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Significant reduction in total cholesterol (mean difference -17.6 mg/dL)
Significant reduction in LDL-cholesterol (mean difference -11.2 mg/dL)
Significant reduction in triglycerides with trend toward increased HDL

Meta-Analysisn=702

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Artichoke and cardiometabolic health: A systematic and meta-analytic synthesis of current evidence

Jafari A et al. • Diabetes & metabolic syndrome (2025)

Artichoke supplementation may offer modest but significant improvements in several cardiometabolic risk markers.

Blood pressure outcomes revealed significant reductions in both systolic (WMD = -2.49 mmHg, 95 % CI: 4.33 to -0.65) and diastolic (WMD = -1.53 mmHg, 95 % CI: 3.01 to -0.05) pressures.
Regarding glycemic indices, insulin (WMD = -1.83 mU/L, 95 % CI: 3.33 to -0.32) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD = -0.92, 95 % CI: 1.33 to -0.51) were significantly reduced, whereas fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were unaffected.
Among liver function markers, alanine aminotransferase (WMD = -8.47 U/L, 95 % CI: 14.71 to -2.23) and alkaline phosphatase (WMD = -7.86 U/L, 95 % CI: 15.26 to -0.45) were significantly reduced, while aspartate aminotransferase showed a borderline non-significant effect.

Meta-Analysis

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Unravelling the Mechanistic Approach of Aflatoxin Contaminated Food on Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Novel Approach

Elangovan A et al. • Journal of applied toxicology : JAT (2025)

This review focuses on the molecular pathways through which AFs exert neurotoxic effects, highlighting their role in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and potential neuroprotective compounds for therapies have been highlighted.

Mounting evidences suggests that these factors trigger neurological disorders especially neurodegenerative disorders.
Neuroprotective compounds, such as hesperetin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), curcumin, and artichoke extract, have shown promise in counteracting AF-induced neurotoxicity.
These compounds could reduce oxidative stress, attenuate inflammation, and support mitochondrial function, offering potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate AF-induced neurodegeneration.

Systematic Review

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Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits

Porro C et al. • Nutrients (2024)

The current review discussed the nutritional profiles, potential benefits, and pharmacological effects of C. scolymus.

This reduces the subsequent risk of developing conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Additionally, these polyphenols demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, which is closely associated with their antioxidant properties.
As a result, C. scolymus has the potential to contribute to the treatment of chronic diseases, including intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative pathologies.

Systematic Review

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The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Part II

Derosa G et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2024)

Phytotherapy Research

Further studies are also required for Cinnamomum, Cynara scolymus, Momordica charantia, Olea europaea, and Opuntia streptacantha.
Moreover, well-designed large and long-term clinical trials including the use of standardized nutraceutical preparations are necessary for Phaseolus vulgaris and Vaccinium myrtillus.
Phytotherapy Research

Systematic Review

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Natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A safeguard against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases

Khaled A et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2023)

More clinical trials are required before new natural compounds and herbs can be used to treat chronic hypertension and its ramifications, such as respiratory distress syndrome and kidney failure.

Alkaloids, amino acids, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, glucosinolates, isoflavonoids, phenolic acids, polyphenolics, and triterpenoids are among the bioactive metabolites pocessing an impressive ACE inhibitory activity.
Many herbs including Rosmarinus officinalis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Curcuma longa, Rauwolfia serpentina, Emblica officinalis, Cynara scolymus, Punica granatum, Mucuna pruriens, Capsicum annuum, and Moringa olifera were found having ACE inhibitory activities comparable to captopril and enalpril.
These enticing natural ACE inhibitors deserve to be a safeguard medicine against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases.

Systematic Review

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Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia

Wider B et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2013)

Data from three clinical trials assessing ALE for treating hypercholesterolaemia are available.

In the second trial ALE reduced total cholesterol levels by 18.5% from 7.74 mmol/L to 6.31 mmol/L after 42 ± 3 days of treatment, whereas placebo reduced cholesterol by 8.6% from 7.69 mmol/L to 7.03 mmol/L (P = 0.00001).
The third trial, which is available as abstract only and provides limited data, stated that ALE significantly reduced blood cholesterol compared with placebo in a subgroup of patients with baseline total cholesterol levels of more than 230 mg/dL (P < 0.05).
Data from three clinical trials assessing ALE for treating hypercholesterolaemia are available.

Meta-Analysisn=262

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Medicinal Plant-derived Phytochemicals in Detoxification

Bjørklund G et al. • Current pharmaceutical design (2024)

Overall, scientific data on medicinal plants used in phytotherapeutic practice worldwide provides an understanding and awareness of their efficacy in detoxification.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.

Among medicinal plants with substantial detoxifying properties, a major part belongs to the Asteraceae family (Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus, Arctium lappa, Helichrysum species, Inula helenium, and Taraxacum officinale).
The most widely used hepatoprotective phytocomponent is silymarin, a standardized extract from the Silybum marianum seeds containing a mixture of flavonolignans.
Many polysaccharides, polyphenols, and terpenoids have a detoxifying effect.

Systematic Review

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Efficacy, side effects, adherence, affordability, and procurement of dietary supplements for treating hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review

von Känel-Cordoba I et al. • Journal of health, population, and nutrition (2024)

The following natural ingredients - red yeast rice, artichoke extract, bergamot, garlic, and flaxseed - have been specifically selected for their cholesterol-lowering properties.

The following natural ingredients - red yeast rice, artichoke extract, bergamot, garlic, and flaxseed - have been specifically selected for their cholesterol-lowering properties.
This is important due to the varying effectiveness of alternative treatments.
However, there are lingering concerns regarding the lack of supervision and quality control that require attention. (2) Further research into the specific molecular composition and the underlying mechanisms by which it reduces cholesterol levels is warranted.

Systematic Review

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Artichoke and bergamot extracts: a new opportunity for the management of dyslipidemia and related risk factors

Arnaboldi L et al. • Minerva medica (2022)

The available data support the use of standardized compositions of artichoke and bergamot extracts, alone or in combination, in the treatment of mild to moderate dyslipidemia, in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, or intolerant to common hypolipidemic treatments.

An approach also shared by the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS).
In light of these evidence, this review aimed to describe the effects of artichoke and bergamot in modifying the lipid and inflammatory parameters described in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
The available data support the use of standardized compositions of artichoke and bergamot extracts, alone or in combination, in the treatment of mild to moderate dyslipidemia, in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, or intolerant to common hypolipidemic treatments.

Systematic Review

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The effects of Cynara scolymus L. supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Moradi S et al. • International journal of clinical practice (2021)

Artichoke supplementation elicited significant reductions in liver enzymes, especially among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Pooled analysis, of eight clinical trials, revealed that artichoke supplementation significantly reduced the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = .001) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (P = .016), in comparison with placebo.
Subgroup analysis suggested that artichoke administration significantly reduces AST and ALT in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P = .003 for AST and P < .001 for ALT), and ALT among overweight/obese subjects (P = .025).
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysis

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Persian Herbal Medicine in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review

Azimi M et al. • Current drug discovery technologies (2021)

Many people use herbal and traditional remedies for the treatment of disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders, especially in Asian countries.

Many people use herbal and traditional remedies for the treatment of disorders such as gastrointestinal disorders, especially in Asian countries.
Several studies reported the efficacy of herbal medicine in functional dyspepsia.
Although their mechanisms are not fully understood, it seems they can modulate GI motility and improve symptoms of FD.

Systematic Review

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The antioxidant activity of artichoke (Cynara scolymus): A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Salekzamani S et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)

This meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for antioxidant activity of artichoke in animals.

Thirty-nine articles (two human, 23 animal, and 14 in vitro studies) were reviewed.
The results of in vitro systems supported the antioxidant effect of artichoke, whereas limited clinical trials indicated no change or a slight improvement of antioxidant status.
This meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for antioxidant activity of artichoke in animals.

Meta-Analysis

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Effect of TCF7L2 on the relationship between lifestyle factors and glycemic parameters: a systematic review

Hosseinpour-Niazi S et al. • Nutrition journal (2022)

The modification effects of TCF7L2 on the relation between the lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and smoking status) and glycemic parameters were contradictory.

In addition, findings from meal test trials showed that, compared to non-risk-allele carriers, consumption of meals with different percentages of total dietary fat in healthy risk-allele carriers increased glucose concentrations and impaired insulin sensitivity.
Regarding artichoke extract supplementation (ALE), two RCTs observed that ALE supplementation significantly decreased insulin concentration and improved insulin resistance in the TT genotype of the rs7903146 variant of TCF7L2.
The modification effects of TCF7L2 on the relation between the lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and smoking status) and glycemic parameters were contradictory.

Systematic Reviewn=16

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Effects of Cynara scolymus L. on glycemic indices:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Jalili C et al. • Complementary therapies in medicine (2020)

The supplementation of artichoke and artichoke products can significantly reduce the FBS concentrations in humans.

Pooled analysis of nine Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), demonstrated that the administration of artichoke and artichoke products led to a significant reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: -5.28 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -8.95, -1.61; p = 0.005).
The supplementation of artichoke and artichoke products can significantly reduce the FBS concentrations in humans.
Moreover, these outcomes suggested that just the supplementation of artichoke and artichoke products is more effective in the reduction of HOMA-IR levels than the co-supplementation form.

Meta-Analysis

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Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye-Opening Look at Ageing-Related Disorders

Bjørklund G et al. • Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology (2018)

A systematic overview of the relevant information in the antioxidant function of the many herbal products reviewed here for the control of the ageing process is proposed, to provide a new horizon on the design of anti-ageing herbal medicines.

A much more complex ability to interact with survival functions makes these compounds successfully active in preventing ageing-related disorders.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Systematic Review

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The effect of artichoke on lipid profile: A review of possible mechanisms of action

Santos HO et al. • Pharmacological research (2018)

Evidence suggests that decreases of 8-49 mg/dL for LDL concentration, 12-55 mg/dL for total cholesterol, and 11-51 mg/dL for triglycerides, can be attributed to 2 to 3 g/d of ALE, in which its comp...

Evidence suggests that decreases of 8-49 mg/dL for LDL concentration, 12-55 mg/dL for total cholesterol, and 11-51 mg/dL for triglycerides, can be attributed to 2 to 3 g/d of ALE, in which its components luteolin and chlorogenic acid may play a key role.
On the other hand, the effects of cooked artichoke hearts can be attributed mainly to its soluble fibres, particularly inulin.
Despite the convincing evidence on its health benefits, additional long-term clinical trials are pivotal to fully elucidate the potential effects of ALE administration on positive cardiovascular outcomes.

Systematic Review

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Pharmacological Studies of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Their Health Benefits

Ben Salem M et al. • Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2015)

This article intended to review the wide ranging pharmacological effects of artichoke leaf extract.

Although research is not yet conclusive, scientists were optimistic that its long-standing use in humans for digestive and bowel problems was indeed justified.
It may also play a role in lowering cholesterol and thus help to prevent heart disease.
Boiled wild artichoke reduced postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in normal subjects but has no effect on metabolic syndrome patients.

Systematic Review

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Health-promoting properties of artichoke in preventing cardiovascular disease by its lipidic and glycemic-reducing action

Rondanelli M et al. • Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace (2013)

Awareness of the widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine by people with metabolic disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals in order to prevent cardiovascular disease.

This review enumerates the most significant studies that have highlighted these therapeutic properties.
Complementary medicine information needs to be incorporated into clinical practice and patient and professional education, in addition to adequate education about proper nutrition.
Awareness of the widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine by people with metabolic disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals in order to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Systematic Review

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