1Meta-Analysis2017
Guinguis R, Ruiz MI, Rada G · Medwave (2017)
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432 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most CBD studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1979–2026 with a typical study size of 63 participants.
Based on 432 studies · 55 meta-analyses · 245 RCTs · 55,301 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
15 more outcomes with fewer studies not shown.
289 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Guinguis R, Ruiz MI, Rada G · Medwave (2017)
Belgers V, Röttgering JG, Douw L, Klein M, Ket JCF, van de Ven PM · Cannabis Cannabinoid Res (2023)
Raminelli AO, Simei JLQ, Guimarães FS, Zuardi A, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA · Cannabis Cannabinoid Res (2025)
Hoch E, Bonnet U, Thomasius R, Ganzer F, Havemann-Reinecke U, Preuss UW · Dtsch Arztebl Int (2015)
Minichino A, Senior M, Brondino N, Zhang SH, Godwlewska BR, Burnet PWJ · JAMA Psychiatry (2019)
Tong J, Ji T, Liu T, Liu J, Chen Y, Li Z · Epilepsy Behav (2024)
Chhabra M, Ben-Eltriki M, Mansell H, Lê ML, Huntsman RJ, Finkelstein Y · JAMA Pediatr (2024)
Han K, Wang JY, Wang PY, Peng YC · Psychiatry Res (2024)
Treves N, Mor N, Allegaert K, Bassalov H, Berkovitch M, Stolar OE · Sci Rep (2021)
Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Russo E, Del Giovane C, Matricardi S, Meletti S · Drugs (2023)
Gloss D, Vickrey B · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2014)
Guerrini R, Chiron C, Vandame D, Linley W, Toward T · Epilepsia Open (2024)
Rabgay K, Waranuch N, Chaiyakunapruk N, Sawangjit R, Ingkaninan K, Dilokthornsakul P · J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) (2020)
Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Striano P, Zaccara G, Del Giovane C, Nardone R · Epilepsia (2020)
Talwar A, Estes E, Aparasu R, Reddy DS · Exp Neurol (2023)
Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Cagnetti C, Trinka E, Silvestrini M · CNS Drugs (2018)
Gunning B, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M, Chin RFM, Bhathal H, Nortvedt C, Dunayevich E · Acta Neurol Scand (2021)
Hindley G, Beck K, Borgan F, Ginestet CE, McCutcheon R, Kleinloog D · Lancet Psychiatry (2020)
Kwee CMB, Leen NA, Van der Kamp RC, Van Lissa CJ, Cath DC, Groenink L · Eur Neuropsychopharmacol (2023)
Spiga F, Parkhouse T, Tang VM, Savović J, Le Foll B, Nielsen S · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2025)