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Cph2.5

Centrophenoxine Research

Mostly mechanism / observationalModerate safety

4 peer-reviewed studies

What the evidence says

Mostly mechanism / observational

Most Centrophenoxine studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.

Most evidence is from mixed-quality randomised trials published 1977–1992 with a typical study size of 50 participants.

Based on 4 studies · 2 RCTs · 50 total participants

Confidence

Low

By outcome

Cognitive functionPossible modest memory-consolidation benefit — based on small, decades-old double-blind studies · Weeks (uncertain)
Mostly mechanism / observational4 studies

Older research base

Newest study from 1992

197719841992

1RCTn=50 · small study1989

48% of the centrophenoxine group displayed improvements in memory functions against 28% of the placebo group.

Pek G, Fulop T, Zs-Nagy I. · Arch Gerontol Geriatr (1989)

Double-blind randomized trial in 50 nursing-home residents over 60 with mid-level dementia
Centrophenoxine 2 g/day for 8 weeks after a 2-week placebo run-in
Memory improvement in 48% of the verum group vs 28% of placebo (semi-quantitative, intra-individual comparison)

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2Review1989

Changes in neuronal lipopigment have been reported with chronic administration of agents including centrophenoxine, which might protect neuronal function.

Dowson JH. · Br J Psychiatry (1989)

Review of neuronal lipopigment (lipofuscin) as a marker of cognitive impairment and aging
Notes centrophenoxine among agents reported to alter neuronal lipopigment
Frames the lipofuscin-clearance rationale as hypothesis warranting long-term study

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3RCT1977

Meclofenoxate appears to increase the consolidation of new information into long-term memory, but does not affect other aspects of remembering.

Marcer D, Hopkins SM. · Age Ageing (1977)

Double-blind study in fit, able elderly subjects
Improved consolidation of new information into long-term memory
Significantly more subjects on meclofenoxate reported increased mental alertness

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4Animal1992

The learning- and memory-facilitating effects of CDP-choline were similar to those of meclofenoxate and piracetam.

Petkov VD, Mosharrof AH, Kehayov R, et al. · Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol (1992)

Rodent learning/memory study comparing CDP-choline with meclofenoxate and piracetam
Meclofenoxate improved learning and memory in several avoidance and maze paradigms
Preclinical (rats/mice) — supports mechanism, not human efficacy

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Centrophenoxine Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

Gerontopsychological studies using NAI ('Nurnberger Alters-Inventar') on patients with organic psychosyndrome (DSM III, Category 1) treated with centrophenoxine in a double blind, comparative, randomized clinical trial.

Neuronal lipopigment: a marker for cognitive impairment and long-term effects of psychotropic drugs.

The differential effects of meclofenoxate on memory loss in the elderly.

Effect of CDP-choline on learning and memory processes in rodents.