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Cmp4.8

Clomiphene (Clomid) Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

359 peer-reviewed studies

What the evidence says

Mostly mechanism / observational

Most Clomiphene (Clomid) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.

Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1978–2026 with a typical study size of 1,642 participants.

Based on 334 studies · 48 meta-analyses · 271 RCTs · 1,688 total participants

Confidence

High confidence

By outcome

Fertility (ovulation & sperm)FDA-approved for ovulation induction in anovulatory women incl. PCOS; in men, preserves sperm production by raising FSH/LH · Per cycle to 3-6 months
Mostly mechanism / observational191 studies
PCOS & ovulation induction
Mostly mechanism / observational154 studies
Testosterone & male hypogonadismA meta-analysis shows clomiphene roughly doubles serum testosterone in hypogonadal men, with parallel symptom improvement · Weeks to a few months · Raises LH-driven endogenous testosterone production (off-label male use) · Weeks to a few months
Mostly mechanism / observational49 studies
Safety profile
Mostly mechanism / observational12 studies

Slowing down

Only 18 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026

197820022026

1Meta-Analysis2011

Aubuchon M, Kunselman AR, Schlaff WD, Diamond MP, Coutifaris C, Carson SA · J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2011)

Clomiphene (Clomid) Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

Metformin and/or clomiphene do not adversely affect liver or renal function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

[Clomiphene citrate or hMg: which ovarian stimulation to chose before intra-uterine inseminations? A meta-analysis].

Letrozole Compared With Clomiphene Citrate for Unexplained Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Luteal phase clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Is combined letrozole and clomiphene superior to either as monotherapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis based on clinical trials.

Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for unexplained infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clomiphene citrate for unexplained subfertility in women.

Comparative effectiveness of 9 ovulation-induction therapies in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a network meta-analysis.

Chinese herbal medicine and clomiphene citrate for anovulation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Fertility Drugs Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Risk of endometrial cancer in women treated with ovary-stimulating drugs for subfertility.

Insulin-sensitizing agents as primary therapy for patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Combined metformin-clomiphene in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Clomiphene citrate and neural tube defects: a meta-analysis of controlled observational studies.

Clomiphene citrate, metformin or both as first-step approach in treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review of head-to-head randomized controlled studies and meta-analysis.

Treatment of unexplained infertility with aromatase inhibitors or clomiphene citrate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis of efficacy on dexamethasone and clomiphene in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Comparison of tamoxifen and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction: a meta-analysis.

Human chorionic gonadotropin administration vs. luteinizing monitoring for intrauterine insemination timing, after administration of clomiphene citrate: a meta-analysis.

Comparison of Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate in Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.