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Dma3.0
DMAA (1,3-Dimethylamylamine) Research
Mostly mechanism / observationalLimited safety
6 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most DMAA (1,3-Dimethylamylamine) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from mixed-quality randomised trials published 2010–2018 with a typical study size of 10 participants.
Based on 6 studies · 1 RCT · 10 total participants
Confidence
Low
By outcome
Heart, blood pressure & stroke
Mostly mechanism / observational6 studies
Safety & toxicity
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Performance (claimed, unproven)
Mostly mechanism / observational3 studies
Older research base
Newest study from 2018
20102018
1Crossovern=10 · very small study2011
Acute ingestion of 1,3-dimethylamylamine alone and in combination with caffeine results in an increase in SBP, DBP, and RPP without an increase in HR.
Bloomer RJ, Harvey IC, Farney TM, Bell ZW, Canale RE · The Physician and sportsmedicine (2011)
Double-blind, randomized crossover in 10 healthy adults of caffeine and DMAA (geranamine) alone and combined
DMAA raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product dose-dependently — peak ~20% systolic rise with caffeine + 75 mg DMAA at 60 minutes
The best controlled human data on DMAA — it documents a blood-pressure rise (the harm mechanism), NOT any performance or fat-loss benefit
2Review2017
There is a shallow evidence base describing the adverse effects of DMAA and the dose above which such effects may occur ... escalations of blood pressure were present on acute dosing.
Dunn M · The International journal on drug policy (2017)
Critical review of 16 studies — eight retrospective case reports of patients presenting to emergency departments and eight low-powered experimental studies
Several experimental studies came from a single research group with industry ties; the overall evidence base is shallow with no robust efficacy data
Acute dosing consistently escalated blood pressure — the one reproducible physiological signal
3Observational2018
The United States Food and Drug Administration banned the stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA) from dietary supplements and warned consumers that the stimulant can pose cardiovascular risks ranging from high blood pressure to heart attacks.
Documents the FDA ban of 1,3-DMAA from dietary supplements and the cardiovascular-risk warning (high blood pressure to heart attacks)
States 1,3-DMAA has been investigated as potentially contributing to hemorrhagic strokes and sudden death
Co-authored by the US Department of Defense's military-performance consortium — reflecting the military scrutiny that followed DMAA-linked soldier deaths
4Case Study2010
This case report describes a 21-year-old male who suffered a cerebral haemorrhage shortly after ingesting two capsules of DMAA.
Gee P, Jackson S, Easton J · The New Zealand medical journal (2010)
Mandatory counter-evidence: a 21-year-old man suffered a cerebral haemorrhage shortly after ingesting two DMAA capsules ('BZP-free party pills')
DMAA is a synthetic stimulant patented in the 1940s-50s as a nasal decongestant; little was known about its pharmacology by the ingested route
An early, defining case linking DMAA to catastrophic cerebrovascular harm in a young, otherwise healthy person
5Case Study2014
A previously healthy 22-year-old man ... was diagnosed with a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction ... [after] ingesting the dietary supplements Jack3d (principal ingredient, 1,3-dimethylamylamine).
Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, Lasorda DM, Poornima IG · Texas Heart Institute journal (2014)
A previously healthy 22-year-old man developed a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction after ~3 weeks of Jack3d (DMAA) plus a Citrus aurantium product before exercise
Angiography showed a proximal LAD coronary thrombus with distal embolization, resolving on medical therapy
Counter-evidence: links the sympathomimetic DMAA-containing supplement to acute coronary harm in a young, healthy person
6Case Study2015
Adverse effects reported include cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic stroke, and death ... We describe a case of a young man who took such a supplement and suffered a cardiac arrest.
Karnatovskaia LV, Leoni JC, Freeman ML · Clinical journal of sport medicine (2015)
A young man suffered cardiac arrest after taking a DMAA-containing workout supplement
Notes that DMAA-containing products were determined illegal by the FDA yet remained widely available, marketed for performance and fat-burning
Reinforces the cardiac-arrest / hemorrhagic-stroke / death harm pattern and urges clinical suspicion in healthy young people presenting with cardiac arrest