1Meta-Analysis2019
Wu P, Wen W, Li J, Xu J, Zhao M, Chen H · Horm Metab Res (2019)
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588 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Empagliflozin studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2012–2026 with a typical study size of 190 participants.
Based on 588 studies · 153 meta-analyses · 404 RCTs · 40,933 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
411 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Wu P, Wen W, Li J, Xu J, Zhao M, Chen H · Horm Metab Res (2019)
Salsali A, Kim G, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC, Hantel S · Diabetes Obes Metab (2016)
Ge Q, Zhang F, Liu Y · Biomol Biomed (2025)
Mantsiou C, Karagiannis T, Kakotrichi P, Malandris K, Avgerinos I, Liakos A · Diabetes Obes Metab (2020)
Neuen BL, Fletcher RA, Anker SD, Bhatt DL, Butler J, Cherney DZI · JAMA (2026)
K S N, Thomas C, Basutkar RS · Prim Care Diabetes (2026)
Laborante R, Paglianiti DA, Bianchini E, Galli M, Borovac JA, Savarese G · Eur J Intern Med (2025)
Sheu WH, Seino Y, Tan EC, Yabe D, Ha KH, Nangaku M · J Diabetes Investig (2022)
Theofilis P, Oikonomou E, Vlachakis PK, Karakasis P, Dimitriadis K, Sagris M · Curr Vasc Pharmacol (2025)
Forbes AK, Suckling RJ, Hinton W, Feher MD, Banerjee D, Cole NI · Diabetes Obes Metab (2023)
Kohler S, Salsali A, Hantel S, Kaspers S, Woerle HJ, Kim G · Clin Ther (2016)
Yamamoto S, Yuge H, Okada H, Saijo Y, Hasegawa Y, Nakajima H · Endocr Pract (2026)
Li D, Shi W, Wang T, Tang H · Diabetes Obes Metab (2018)
Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Wang X · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2022)
Devi R, Mali G, Chakraborty I, Unnikrishnan MK, Abdulsalim S · Postgrad Med (2017)
Hussein H, Zaccardi F, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Patsko E, Dhalwani NN · Diabetes Obes Metab (2020)
Li X, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Wang G, Ge P, Hu A · Int J Cardiol (2021)
Zhou B, Shi Y, Fu R, Ni H, Gu L, Si Y · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) (2022)
Lin PY, Zeng BY, Hsu CW, Suen MW, Hung CM, Stubbs B · Biomolecules (2025)
Wang J, Li X, Li Y, Lei C · BMC Endocr Disord (2024)