1Meta-Analysis2019
Bonora BM, Avogaro A, Fadini GP · Acta Diabetol (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
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106 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Exenatide studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2004–2026 with a typical study size of 464 participants.
Based on 106 studies · 21 meta-analyses · 76 RCTs · 77,347 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
49 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Bonora BM, Avogaro A, Fadini GP · Acta Diabetol (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Peng Y, Chen SH, Liu XN, Sun QY · J Cell Physiol (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Mulvaney CA, Duarte GS, Handley J, Evans DJ, Menon S, Wyse R · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2020)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Lapolla A, Fattor B, Morpurgo PS, Simioni N · Diabetes Obes Metab (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
In plain English: A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00)... was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority).
Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, Chan JC, Choi J, Gustavson SM, Iqbal N, Maggioni AP, Marso SP, Öhman P, Pagidipati NJ, Poulter N, Ramachandran A, Zinman B, Hernandez AF; EXSCEL Study Group. · N Engl J Med (2017)
Zhang YS, Weng WY, Xie BC, Meng Y, Hao YH, Liang YM · Osteoporos Int (2018)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Wang J, Jin X, An P, Yu S, Mu Y · J Diabetes Res (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Qi-Chang W, Lan W, Bin J · Acad Radiol (2025)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Guo X, Zhou Z, Lyu X, Xu H, Zhu H, Pan H · Horm Metab Res (2022)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Kang YM, Cho YK, Lee J, Lee SE, Lee WJ, Park JY · Diabetes Metab J (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Morieri ML, Rigato M, Frison V, Simioni N, D'Ambrosio M, Tadiotto F · Metabolism (2020)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Meshkat S, Di Luciano C, Swiderski A, Li G, Aguilar RJ, Dunkley BT · Brain Behav (2025)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
In plain English: GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists produced the greatest FM reduction but also decreased lean mass.
Rakhsha SS et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026)
Au HCT, Lam PH, Kabir F, Huang CL, Dri CE, Le GH · Acta Neuropsychiatr (2025)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
In plain English: Variability in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio estimates appears to reflect duration and baseline risk more than a lack of effect.
Huang R et al. · The Journal of international medical research (2026)
In plain English: Overall, GLP-1 RAs improve weight and reduce insulin requirements in T1DM, potentially mitigating indirect CV risk factors; however their direct cardiovascular benefits remain unproven in the absence of dedicated outcome trials.
Wójcik-Sosnowska E et al. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
In plain English: Further research is needed for normal-weight patients with prediabetes, for semaglutide's post-intervention effect, and for liraglutide in men.
Tsironikos GI, Tsolaki V, Zakynthinos G, Rammou V, Kyprianidou D, Antonogiannis T, Zakynthinos E, Bargiota A. · Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews (2026)
In plain English: GLP-1RAs are generally acceptable and tolerated in this population.
Srisurapanont M, Suttajit S, Likhitsathian S, Suradom C, Maneeton B. · International journal of psychiatry in medicine (2026)
Ng VWW, Gerard G, Koh JJK, Loke KY, Lee YS, Ng NBH · Clin Obes (2024)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Brunchmann A, Thomsen M, Fink-Jensen A · Physiol Behav (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.