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Flm2.8
Flmodafinil (CRL-40,940) Research
Mostly mechanism / observational
5 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most Flmodafinil (CRL-40,940) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from mixed-quality randomised trials published 1997–2026.
Based on 5 studies · 2 RCTs
Confidence
Low confidence
By outcome
Focus & attention (modafinil-class, unproven for flmodafinil)A modafinil bisfluoro analog marketed for focus/attention; this is extrapolated from modafinil and unproven for flmodafinil, with no direct human efficacy data. · Not established (no direct human data)
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Safety profile
Mostly mechanism / observational5 studies
Wakefulness & fatigueWakefulness/alertness by analogy to the modafinil eugeroic class; unproven for flmodafinil and carries insomnia, anxiety, raised BP/HR and rare serious skin-reaction risks. · Not established (no direct human data)
Mostly mechanism / observational4 studies
Cognition (modafinil parent evidence)
Too few graded studies2 studies
Sleep disruption / insomnia
Too few graded studies2 studies
Steady research
1 study in the last 5 years
199720112026
1RCT2000
In plain English: Modafinil significantly improved the ability to stay awake compared with placebo ... The most common adverse events were headache, nausea, and nervousness. Modafinil was well tolerated and was not associated with any serious adverse events.
US Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group. · Neurology (2000)
MODAFINIL (parent/analogue), NOT FLMODAFINIL: a large multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for excessive daytime somnolence in narcolepsy — parent-drug human evidence
Modafinil improved objective wakefulness vs placebo; the most common adverse events were headache, nausea and nervousness — the same symptoms extrapolated to flmodafinil
Reinforces the modafinil-class effect AND its typical adverse-event profile in supervised humans, for the PARENT compound only
In plain English: Modafinil may well deserve the title of the first well-validated pharmaceutical nootropic agent ... modafinil appears to consistently engender enhancement of attention, executive functions, and learning. Importantly, we did not observe any preponderances for side effects or mood changes.
Battleday RM, Brem AK. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2015)
MODAFINIL (parent/analogue), NOT FLMODAFINIL: a systematic review of modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived adults — included here to show what the RELATED drug does, not what flmodafinil does
Found modest, task-dependent benefits to attention, executive function and learning with modafinil, especially on more complex tasks
Cited by flmodafinil vendors as if it were flmodafinil evidence — it is NOT; flmodafinil is a different fluorinated analogue with no human cognition trials
In plain English: Compared with placebo, modafinil 200 and 400 mg significantly increased the mean sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test by 40% and 54% ... Modafinil produced no changes in blood pressure or heart rate ... As little as a 200-mg daily dose of modafinil is therefore an effective and well-tolerated treatment.
Broughton RJ, Fleming JA, George CF, Hill JD, Kryger MH, Moldofsky H, Montplaisir JY, Morehouse RL, Moscovitch A, Murphy WF. · Neurology (1997)
MODAFINIL (parent/analogue), NOT FLMODAFINIL: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of modafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy — real human evidence for the PARENT drug
Modafinil reduced objective and subjective daytime sleepiness vs placebo and was generally well tolerated in this supervised clinical population
Establishes the modafinil-class wakefulness effect in humans — but for modafinil, NOT for the unstudied analogue flmodafinil
In plain English: NLS-4 at 64 mg/kg induced significantly longer wakefulness duration than modafinil at 150 mg/kg ... Our results indicate that NLS-4 is a highly potent wake-promoting drug with no sign of hypersomnia rebound.
Luca G, Bandarabadi M, Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Ferrié L, Figadère B, Tafti M. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2018)
FLMODAFINIL-SPECIFIC: the only direct in-vivo characterization of flmodafinil (here under its synonym lauflumide / NLS-4) — a mouse EEG/EMG study comparing it to modafinil and vehicle
Lauflumide 64 mg/kg intraperitoneally produced significantly LONGER wakefulness than modafinil 150 mg/kg, supporting the 'more potent than modafinil' framing — but in mice, not humans
Recovery sleep after lauflumide showed less NREM and less delta activity than modafinil, which the authors read as a lower need for recovery despite longer wakefulness
In plain English: Flmodafinil (CRL-40,940 ...) and fladrafinil (CRL-40,941 ...) are structural analogs of modafinil. Their reported stimulating effects on the central nervous system have contributed to an increasing popularity outside the medical field, particularly for the enhancement of cognitive performance.
Krug O, Guddat S, Görgens C, Walpurgis K, Toma F, Thomas A, Thevis M. · Drug Testing and Analysis (2026)
FLMODAFINIL-SPECIFIC (and the one direct HUMAN study): a doping-control study in which six volunteers ingested 20 mg of flmodafinil or its prodrug fladrafinil, characterizing how the drug is metabolized and eliminated to define anti-doping detection windows
Confirms flmodafinil is a structural analogue of modafinil used outside medicine as a cognitive/wakefulness 'research chemical' — documenting the grey-market use, not any clinical benefit
Notes that the prodrug fladrafinil converts to flmodafinil in the body, relevant to what a grey-market buyer actually metabolizes