Ge9.0

Ginger Extract Research

41 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10

Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials

Long Z et al. • Frontiers in immunology (2023)

Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc.

Dietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc.
However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=3,852

DOI

Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea

Pattanittum P et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2016)

There is no high quality evidence to support the effectiveness of any dietary supplement for dysmenorrhoea, and evidence of safety is lacking.

Supplements versus other supplementsThere was no evidence of a difference in effectiveness between ginger and zinc sulphate (MD 0.02 points, 95% CI -0.58 to 0.62; one RCT, 101 women).
Vitamin B1 may be more effective than fish oil (MD -1.59 points, 95% CI -2.25 to -0.93; one RCT, 120 women).
There is no high quality evidence to support the effectiveness of any dietary supplement for dysmenorrhoea, and evidence of safety is lacking.

Meta-Analysisn=3,101

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Antibiofilm Effects of Novel Compounds in Otitis Media Treatment: Systematic Review

Jotic A et al. • International journal of molecular sciences (2024)

However, a lack of data about reliable and efficient compounds used in therapy of different types of otitis media still remains in the literature.

Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly studied pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae.
Biofilm inhibition only by an examined compound was assessed in six studies; biofilm eradication in four studies, and both biofilm inhibition and biofilm eradication were examined in five studies.
This systematic review indicates that some compounds like NAC, prebiotics, nanoparticles and MESNA that have significant effects on biofilm are safe and could be researched more extensively for further clinical use.

Systematic Reviewn=125

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Ginger on Human Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of 109 Randomized Controlled Trials

Anh NH et al. • Nutrients (2020)

Ginger supplementation showed significant benefits for nausea, metabolic syndrome, pain, and inflammation across 109 randomized controlled trials.

Strong evidence for anti-nausea effects in pregnancy, chemotherapy, and post-surgery settings
Significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and inflammatory markers
Analgesic effects for dysmenorrhea and osteoarthritis pain

Systematic Reviewn=6,382

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Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Morvaridzadeh M et al. • Cytokine (2020)

Standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for net changes in inflammatory mediators using a random-effects model.

Standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for net changes in inflammatory mediators using a random-effects model.
There was a significant reduction of circulating CRP (SMD: -5.11, 95% CI: -7.91, -2.30, I2 = 98.1%), hs-CRP (SMD: -0.88, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.12, I2 = 90.8%) and TNF-α levels (SMD: -0.85, 95% CI: -1.48, -0.21, I2 = 89.4%) following ginger supplementation.
However, meta-analysis results did not show any significant impact of ginger supplementation on IL-6 (SMD: -0.45, 95% CI: -1.29, 0.38, I2 = 89.2%), and sICAM levels (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.26, I2 = 00.0%).

Meta-Analysisn=1,010

DOI

Ginger in the prevention of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Viljoen E et al. • Nutrition Journal (2014)

Ginger significantly reduced nausea in early pregnancy.

Reduced nausea symptoms
Safe in pregnancy
No adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes

Meta-Analysisn=1,278

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Herbal medications for anxiety, depression, pain, nausea and vomiting related to preoperative surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Arruda APN et al. • BMJ open (2019)

There is very low-certainty evidence regarding the efficacy of both Zingiber officinale and Rosa damascena in reducing vomiting (200 fewer cases per 1000; 288 fewer to 205 fewer), nausea (207 fewer cases per 1000; 333 fewer to 27 fewer) and the need for rescue medication for pain (666 fewer cases per 1000; 580 fewer to 752 more) in patients undergoing either laparoscopic or obstetrical/gynaecological surgeries.

Results suggested a non-statistically significantly reduction in the need for rescue medication for pain (RR 0.52; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.13) with Rosa damascena (damask rose) and ginger compared with placebo in laparoscopic and obstetrical/gynaecological surgery.
Among our eligible studies, there was no reported evidence on AEs.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=693

DOI

Effectiveness of Herbal Medicines with Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Properties in Improving Oral Health and Treating Gingivitis and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Malcangi G et al. • Nutrients (2025)

Natural products, including single extracts and polyherbal formulations, provide effective and safe alternatives for managing gingivitis and PD.

Natural products, including single extracts and polyherbal formulations, provide effective and safe alternatives for managing gingivitis and PD.
Their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties support their adjunctive role alongside with scaling and root planning therapy (SRP) in periodontal therapy.
However, further large-scale, long-term studies are needed to standardize formulations and establish optimal protocols.

Systematic Review

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Ginger (Zingiber officinale): An alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis

Tóth B et al. • Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2018)

According to our thorough meta-analysis ginger is safe and well tolerated, and decreases the severity of PONV, and may lower the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, which in turn may reduce antiemetic drug demand, suggesting that ginger may be a useful alternative to antiemetic medications to alleviate PONV.

The present meta-analysis supports that ginger has a significant effect on the severity of PONV based on visual analogue scale (VAS) results: in a fixed effects model the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.247 (favouring ginger; [LL]: -0.455, [UL]: -0.040, p-value: 0.019).
Moreover, our results suggest that ginger reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, as well antiemetic drug demand; however, these effects are not statistically significant compared to placebo, which may be explained by underdosing.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=918

DOI

Effects of ginger for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis

Thomson M et al. • Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM (2014)

Despite the widespread use of ginger in the diet, its clinic value and safety profile in treating NVEP is still unknown.

The use of ginger (∼1 g daily) for at least 4 days is associated with a 5-fold likelihood of improvement in NVEP.
Despite the widespread use of ginger in the diet, its clinic value and safety profile in treating NVEP is still unknown.
Our meta-analysis suggests that ginger is an effective nonpharmacological treatment for NVEP.

Meta-Analysisn=508

DOI

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) intake on human serum lipid profile: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Salih AK et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2023)

Therefore, ginger could be considered as an effective lipid lowering nutraceuticals.

In terms of ginger dose, the result of meta-regression found to be significant only for TC, so that increasing daily doses of ginger reduces TC levels by (β: -0.67; 95% CI: -1.28, -0.07; p = 0.028).
Ginger supplementation decreased TG in obese and diabetic subjects more efficiently.
Therefore, ginger could be considered as an effective lipid lowering nutraceuticals.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

Ginger for Pain Management in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Moshfeghinia R et al. • Journal of integrative and complementary medicine (2024)

The findings are limited due to risk of bias in the included studies and the unclear risk-benefit ratio.

Random effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
The combined results of the studies indicate that ginger is notably more effective than placebo in reducing both the intensity (SMD = -1.13; 95% CI = -1.59 to -0.68, I2 = 81.05%) and duration of pain (SMD = -0.29; 95% CI = -0.46 to -0.12).
There were no differences between ginger and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.24 to 0.25), or exercise (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = -0.66 to 0.78) for pain intensity.

Meta-Analysisn=24

DOI

The effect of oral supplementation of ginger on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Schumacher JC et al. • Clinical nutrition ESPEN (2024)

Currently published articles are still limited, requiring further studies of high methodological quality to verify the effectiveness of ginger supplementation on T2DM parameters control.

However, individual studies reported mixed results, with two studies showing a significant reduction in FBS.
This suggests that while ginger may have potential as an adjuvant therapy, its overall impact on glycemic control in T2DM is not statistically significant when results are pooled.
Currently published articles are still limited, requiring further studies of high methodological quality to verify the effectiveness of ginger supplementation on T2DM parameters control.

Meta-Analysis

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A Systematic Review of Herbal Interventions for the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases

Wal A et al. • Current cardiology reviews (2024)

This comprehensive review highlights the potential of herbal interventions as valuable adjuncts or alternatives for managing cardiovascular diseases.

This comprehensive review highlights the potential of herbal interventions as valuable adjuncts or alternatives for managing cardiovascular diseases.
Herbal remedies offer diverse mechanisms of action, targeting key CVD risk factors and pathways.
While promising, their clinical utility warrants further investigation through well-designed trials to establish their safety and efficacy, paving the way for integrated approaches to cardiovascular disease management.

Systematic Review

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Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities, and Applications of the Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Ginger): A Review

Hu W et al. • Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)

This article will update and deepen the understanding of ginger polysaccharide and provide a theoretical basis for its further research and application in human health and product development.

Ginger can be used as a spice, condiment, food, nutrition, and as an herb.
Significantly, the polysaccharides extracted from ginger show surprising and satisfactory biological activity, which explains the various benefits of ginger on human health, including anti-influenza, anti-colitis, anti-tussive, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor effects.
This article will update and deepen the understanding of ginger polysaccharide and provide a theoretical basis for its further research and application in human health and product development.

Systematic Review

DOI

The most important medicinal plants affecting sperm and testosterone production: a systematic review

Boroujeni SN et al. • JBRA assisted reproduction (2022)

Plants can probably be useful in increasing fertility due to their antioxidant power and low side effects.

Plants can probably be useful in increasing fertility due to their antioxidant power and low side effects.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Systematic Review

DOI

Efficacy and Safety of Ginger on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim SD et al. • International journal of molecular sciences (2022)

Since there were no serious side effects, ginger is thought to be safe.

In terms of managing delayed CINV in breast cancer patients, ginger was also statistically significant.
Subgroup and sensitivity analysis revealed that managing severity of acute CINV in breast cancer patients with ginger was efficient.
The authors concluded that ginger may be helpful in lowering both acute and delayed CINV in breast cancer patients.

Meta-Analysis

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Orally consumed ginger and human health: an umbrella review

Crichton M et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition (2022)

Dietary consumption of ginger appears safe and may exert beneficial effects on human health and well-being, with greatest confidence in antiemetic effects in pregnant women, analgesic effects in osteoarthritis, and glycemic control.

Twenty-four systematic reviews were included with 3% overlap of primary studies.
The strongest evidence was found for the antiemetic effects of ginger in pregnant women (effect size: large; GRADE: high), analgesic effects for osteoarthritis (effect size: small; GRADE: high), and glycemic control (effect size: none to very large; GRADE: very low to moderate).
Future randomized controlled and dose-dependent trials with adequate sample sizes and standardized ginger products are warranted to better inform and standardize routine clinical prescription.

Systematic Review

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of ginger for the treatment of fatty liver disease

Samadi M et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2022)

However, future clinical trials are essential to investigate the clinical application of ginger in this area.

Eighteen eligible studies were identified, including 17 in-vivo experiments in quantitative analysis and 3 clinical trials in qualitative analysis.
Ginger administration may reduce many clinical aspects of FLD by several mechanisms, including insulin-sensitive effects, stimulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), having antidyslipidemic activities, and reducing hepatic fat content.
However, future clinical trials are essential to investigate the clinical application of ginger in this area.

Meta-Analysis

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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents

Zhang M et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2021)

This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the scientific evidence on the development of ginger and its active compounds as health beneficial agents in future clinical trials.

In addition, gingerol analogues such as 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol can be rapidly eliminated in the serum and detected as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
Structural variation would be useful to improve the metabolic characteristics and bioactivities of lead compounds derived from ginger.
Furthermore, some clinical trials have indicated that ginger can be consumed for attenuating nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy; however, there is not sufficient data available to rule out its potential toxicity, which should be monitored especially over longer periods.

Systematic Review

DOI

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