Gl7.5

Glycerol Research

43 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 7.5/10

Efficacy and Challenges: Minimally Invasive Procedures for Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SohrabiAsl M et al. • Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery (2024)

This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of less-invasive treatments for TGN in MS patients.

GKRS demonstrated favorable outcomes, achieving a 77% success rate in alleviating pain among a pooled cohort of 863 patients, reinforcing its status as a viable therapeutic option.
Additionally, GR, BC, and RFA exhibited efficacy, with success rates of 77%, 71%, and 80%, respectively, based on outcomes observed in 611, 385, and 203 patients.
This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of less-invasive treatments for TGN in MS patients.

Meta-Analysisn=863

DOI

Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Yan C et al. • Acta neurologica Belgica (2022)

Belgian Neurological Society.

The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess effect estimates using the random-effects model.
We noted that RF was associated with an increased incidence of immediate pain relief compared with GR (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.29-5.44; P = 0.008).
Moreover, RF was associated with an increased risk of pain recurrence compared with MVD (OR 3.80; 95% CI 2.00-7.20; P < 0.001).

Meta-Analysisn=6,391

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Comparative efficacy and safety of glycerol versus mannitol in patients with cerebral oedema and elevated intracranial pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang J et al. • Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics (2021)

Regarding the balance between efficacy and safety, glycerol could be an effective and more tolerable alternative therapy for cerebral oedema and elevated ICP than mannitol, especially for high-risk populations of renal failure.

Regarding the balance between efficacy and safety, glycerol could be an effective and more tolerable alternative therapy for cerebral oedema and elevated ICP than mannitol, especially for high-risk populations of renal failure.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=3,144

DOI

Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis

Wall EC et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2018)

Glycerol was the only osmotic therapy evaluated, and data from trials to date have not demonstrated an effect on death.

Four trials evaluated glycerol against placebo, and one evaluated glycerol against 50% dextrose; in addition three trials evaluated dexamethasone and one trial evaluated acetaminophen (paracetamol) in a factorial design.
The evidence on nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea is uncertain (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.47; 2 studies, 851 participants; very low-certainty evidence).
Glycerol was the only osmotic therapy evaluated, and data from trials to date have not demonstrated an effect on death.

Meta-Analysisn=1,451

DOI

Emollients and moisturisers for eczema

van Zuuren EJ et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2017)

Most moisturisers showed some beneficial effects, producing better results when used with active treatment, prolonging time to flare, and reducing the number of flares and amount of topical corticosteroids needed to achieve similar reductions in eczema severity.

Moisturiser use yielded lower SCORAD than no moisturiser (three studies, 276 participants, mean difference (MD) -2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.55 to -0.28), but the minimal important difference (MID) (8.7) was unmet.
There were fewer flares with moisturisers (two studies, 87 participants, RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.70), time to flare was prolonged (median: 180 versus 30 days), and less topical corticosteroids were needed (two studies, 222 participants, MD -9.30 g, 95% CI -15.3 to -3.27).
There was no statistically significant difference in adverse events (one study, 173 participants, risk ratio (RR) 15.34, 95% CI 0.90 to 261.64).

Meta-Analysisn=6,603

DOI

Comparative safety and efficacy of percutaneous approaches for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Texakalidis P et al. • Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (2019)

RF was associated with statistically significant higher odds of immediate pain relief (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.29-5.44; I 2:85.5%) when compared to GR.

RF was associated with statistically significant higher odds of immediate pain relief (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.29-5.44; I 2:85.5%) when compared to GR.
Patients in the RF group had a statistically significant higher risk of anesthesia in the trigeminal distribution (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 2.25-9.96; I2:0%) and lower risk for herpes eruption (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.17-0.56; I2 :0%).
Patients in the BC group had a statistically significant higher risk of mastication weakness (OR: 9.29; 95% CI: 2.71-31.86; I2:0%) and diplopia due to CN IV or CN V palsy (OR: 6.31; 95% CI: 1.70-23.33; I2 :0%) compared to patients in the GR group.

Meta-Analysisn=2,518

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Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

Riley HE et al. • Contraception (2016)

We identified no evidence on CV outcomes among e-cigarette users using HC.

We identified no evidence on CV outcomes among e-cigarette users using HC.
Limited data reporting mostly acute outcomes suggested that CV events are rare among e-cigarette users in the general population and that e-cigarettes may affect heart rate and blood pressure less than conventional cigarettes.
There is a need for research assessing joint HC and e-cigarette exposure on clinical CV outcomes.

Systematic Reviewn=1,012

DOI

Clinical Effectiveness of Moisturizers in Atopic Dermatitis and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review

Lindh JD et al. • American journal of clinical dermatology (2015)

The clinical effect of moisturizers is well-documented.

A vast majority of studies indicate that moisturizers have beneficial effects on clinical symptoms [SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) reductions ranging from 0 to 2.7 points], TEWL (range 0 to -12.2 g/m(2)h) and stratum corneum hydration (range +8 to +100%).
The clinical effect of moisturizers is well-documented.
Urea-based preparations may be preferable as a first-line treatment, but there is an unmet need for well-powered comparisons between individual moisturizers.

Systematic Reviewn=3,262

DOI

Does Caffeine Increase Fat Metabolism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Conger SA et al. • International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2023)

CAF dosage did not moderate this effect.

Fat metabolism increased to a greater extent (p = .02) during rest (ES = 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.62]) versus exercise (ES = 0.35, 95% CI [0.26, 0.44]) across all studies, although ES was not different for studies reporting both conditions (ES = 0.49 and 0.44, respectively).
There were no subgroup differences based on participants' fitness level, sex, or CAF dosage.
CAF ingestion increases fat metabolism but is more consistent with blood biomarkers versus whole-body gas exchange measures.

Meta-Analysisn=94

DOI

Interventions For the Treatment of Lower Limb Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Bontinis V et al. • European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (2023)

This network meta-analysis has demonstrated a proportional relationship between sclerosant potency and side effect occurrence in the treatment of telangiectasias and reticular veins and the superiority of laser therapy compared with injection sclerotherapy in treating telangiectasias.

Further exploration unveiled the superiority of Nd:YAG 1064 nm in the treatment of telangiectasias compared with all included interventions except 72% chromated glycerin (CG).
STS 0.25% increased the risk of hyperpigmentation compared with all interventions except 0.5% STS, and 1% polidocanol.
CG 72% decreased the risk of matting compared with polidocanol foam (risk ratio [RR] 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 - 0.80) and STS (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.92).

Meta-Analysisn=356

DOI

Glycerin Suppositories and Enemas in Premature Infants: A Meta-analysis

Burchard PR et al. • Pediatrics (2022)

The use of glycerin suppositories and enemas in premature infants is associated with earlier meconium evacuation, but the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain.

Mortality rates ranged from 0% to 17%, and the meta-analysis revealed no differences between treatment groups (P = .86).
Active treatment was associated with earlier meconium evacuation (mean, 1.5 days; 95% confidence interval, 3.0 to 0.01; P = .05) but not a faster time to enteral feeds (mean, 0.5 days; P = .48).
The use of glycerin suppositories and enemas in premature infants is associated with earlier meconium evacuation, but the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain.

Meta-Analysisn=207

DOI

Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery

Ahmad G et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2020)

We found no evidence on the effects of barrier agents used during pelvic surgery on pelvic pain or live birth rate in women of reproductive age because no trial reported these outcomes.

At second-look laparoscopy, we are uncertain whether oxidised regenerated cellulose affected the incidence of de novo adhesions after laparotomy (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.25, 1 RCT, 271 participants; very low-quality evidence).
However, the incidence of re-formed adhesions may have been reduced in the intervention group (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.55, 6 RCTs, 554 participants; I² = 41%; low-quality evidence).
We are uncertain whether collagen membrane with polyethylene glycol and glycerol improved clinical pregnancy rate (OR 5.69, 95% CI 1.38 to 23.48, 39 participants; very low-quality evidence).

Meta-Analysisn=360

DOI

Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic-related constipation

Every-Palmer S et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2017)

We had hoped to find clinically useful evidence appraising the relative merits of the interventions routinely used to manage antipsychotic-related constipation, a common and potentially serious adverse effect of the use of these drugs.

Compared to tuina massage, glycerol laxative was less effective in relieving constipation at both two days after treatment (1 RCT; N = 120; RR 2.88, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.39; very low-quality evidence), and three days (1 RCT; N = 120; RR 4.80, CI 1.96 to 11.74, very low-quality evidence).
We had hoped to find clinically useful evidence appraising the relative merits of the interventions routinely used to manage antipsychotic-related constipation, a common and potentially serious adverse effect of the use of these drugs.
The results were disappointing.

Meta-Analysisn=480

DOI

The effect of pre-exercise oral hyperhydration on endurance exercise performance, heart rate, and thermoregulation: a meta-analytical review

McCubbin Aj et al. • Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme (2024)

While no moderating effects were observed, lack of heterogeneity makes it difficult to generalise these findings.

Meta-analysis determined overall effect size (Hedges' g), and meta-regression the influence of independent moderators (ambient temperature, hyperhydration agent, exercise mode, extent of hyperhydration).
A small-to-moderate improvement in time-to-exhaustion (TTE) (Hedges' g = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.50, p = 0.001) and time trial (TT) (g = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.002-0.51, p = 0.049) but not total work (TW) tasks (p = 0.120) was found following hyperhydration.
No effects were found for perceived exertion or thermal comfort.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

A systematic review focused on lubricant use and sperm quality: Improving human reproductive success by informing lubricants toxicity

Molin EAD et al. • Journal of applied toxicology : JAT (2024)

The review highlights the significance of lubricant selection in evidence-based reproductive strategies.

Despite the World Health Organization's osmolality recommendation of 380 mOsm/kg, many commercial products surpass this.
Natural solutions offer varied results, while olive oil exhibits unfavorable effects on sperm health, egg white proves non-toxic, potentially benefitting sperm health.
Conversely, Pre-Seed, widely endorsed in the research community, generally demonstrates minimal adverse impact on sperm.

Systematic Review

DOI

Clinical Efficacy of Minocycline Hydrochloride for the Treatment of Peri-Implant Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Wu Y et al. • The Journal of oral implantology (2023)

However, the difference between minocycline hydrochloride and chlorhexidine should be further investigated by designing additional high-quality studies with large sample sizes.

Fifteen RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis, and results suggested that minocycline hydrochloride significantly affected PLI, PD, or SBI reduction regardless of the type of comparator regime.
This study concludes that minocycline hydrochloride as adjuvant therapy of nonsurgical treatment enhances the clinical results when compared to control regimes.
However, the difference between minocycline hydrochloride and chlorhexidine should be further investigated by designing additional high-quality studies with large sample sizes.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

The efficacy of glycerin suppositories for preterm infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

Wen L et al. • Medicine (2023)

Glycerin suppositories may provide no additional benefits to preterm infants.

Glycerin suppositories may provide no additional benefits to preterm infants.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysis

DOI

Effects of Stool Sample Preservation Methods on Gut Microbiota Biodiversity: New Original Data and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Li XM et al. • Microbiology spectrum (2023)

Combined with the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we believe that, when researchers preserve fecal specimens, it is essential to select the proper preservation method and time period in accordance with the goal of the study.

A systematic review showed that the Shannon diversity and Simpson index of samples stored in RNAlater for 1 month were not statistically significant compared with those stored immediately at -80°C (P = 0.220 and P = 0.123, respectively).
The -80°C refrigerator and liquid nitrogen cryopreservation with 10% glycerine can both maintain stable microbiota of stool samples for long-term preservation.
The results showed that the combination of -80°C/liquid nitrogen deep cryopreservation and 10% glycerol was the most effective method for the preservation of stool samples, which is suitable for long-term storage for at least 12 months.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing interventions for peristomal skin care

Tam KW et al. • Ostomy/wound management (2014)

Well-designed RCTs are needed to investigate the efficacy of various barriers and techniques for peristomal skin care and to help develop evidence-based standards of caring for the skin of patients with a colostomy, ileostomy, or gastrostomy.

A meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size by using random-effect models for the primary (skin irritation/reaction) and secondary (length of pouch wear time) outcomes.
Four evaluated the outcome of colostomy or ileostomy peristomal skin care, and no significant differences were detected in the incidence of skin problems (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.31-1.41).
In the two studies that included length of pouch wear time, no significant differences were observed (RR 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03-7.97).

Meta-Analysisn=418

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vicente-Salar N et al. • Nutrients (2022)

Caffeine is the only NEA that has shown strong evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.

In this regard, abilities including the number of attacks, reaction time, handgrip strength, power and TTE, among others, were improved.
Buffering supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine may have a promising role in high and intermittent exertion during combat, but more studies are needed in grappling combat sports to confirm their efficacy during sustained isometric exertion.
Other NEAs, including creatine, beetroot juice or glycerol, need further investigation to strengthen the evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

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