Glycomacropeptide Research

The Use of Glycomacropeptide in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pena MJ, Pinto A, Daly A, MacDonald A, Azevedo L, Rocha JC · Nutrients (2018)

Nexus of Whey Proteins, Gut Dysbiosis, and Colonic Health

In plain English: Overall, WPs show promise as functional food components and potential therapeutic agents for promoting colonic health, metabolic homeostasis, and gut barrier function, but more research is needed to refine their clinical application.

Ashaolu TJ, Lee CC, Tarhan O, Rashidinejad A, Jafari SM. · Food science & nutrition (2026)

Potential Prebiotic Properties of Whey Protein and Glycomacropeptide in Gut Microbiome

In plain English: GMP supplementation may help positively modulate the gut microbiome, help treat dysbiosis-related gastrointestinal disorders and improve overall health in consumers.

Rackerby B, Le HNM, Haymowicz A, Dallas DC, Park SH. · Food science of animal resources (2024)

Advancements in food science for Phenylketonuria (PKU) management: a comprehensive review

In plain English: This comprehensive assessment underscores the dynamic interplay between nutritional science, food technology, and sensory evaluation in improving the quality of life for individuals with PKU.

Russo GL, Puleo S, Cavella S, Scala I, Fidaleo M, Di Monaco R. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2025)

Metabolomic Markers of Essential Fatty Acids, Carnitine, and Cholesterol Metabolism in Adults and Adolescents with Phenylketonuria.

Stroup BM, Nair N, Murali SG, Broniowska K, Rohr F, Levy HL · J Nutr (2018)

α-Lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide do not affect iron absorption from formula in healthy term infants.

Szymlek-Gay EA, Lönnerdal B, Abrams SA, Kvistgaard AS, Domellöf M, Hernell O · J Nutr (2012)

Casein glycomacropeptide for active distal ulcerative colitis: a randomized pilot study.

Hvas CL, Dige A, Bendix M, Wernlund PG, Christensen LA, Dahlerup JF · Eur J Clin Invest (2016)

Casein glycomacropeptide is well tolerated in healthy adults and changes neither high-sensitive C-reactive protein, gut microbiota nor faecal butyrate: a restricted randomised trial.

Wernlund PG, Hvas CL, Dahlerup JF, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Knudsen KEB · Br J Nutr (2021)

Glycomacropeptide for nutritional management of phenylketonuria: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

Ney DM, Stroup BM, Clayton MK, Murali SG, Rice GM, Rohr F · Am J Clin Nutr (2016)

Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout flares: a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial.

Dalbeth N, Ames R, Gamble GD, Horne A, Wong S, Kuhn-Sherlock B · Ann Rheum Dis (2012)

Appetite is not influenced by a unique milk peptide: caseinomacropeptide (CMP).

Gustafson DR, McMahon DJ, Morrey J, Nan R · Appetite (2001)

The effect of meal replacements high in glycomacropeptide on weight loss and markers of cardiovascular disease risk.

Keogh JB, Clifton P · Am J Clin Nutr (2008)

Evidence of enhanced serum amino acid profile but not appetite suppression by dietary glycomacropeptide (GMP): a comparison of dairy whey proteins.

Poppitt SD, Strik CM, McArdle BH, McGill AT, Hall RS · J Am Coll Nutr (2013)

The influence of whey protein and glycomacropeptide on satiety in adult humans.

Lam SM, Moughan PJ, Awati A, Morton HR · Physiol Behav (2009)

An infant formula free of glycomacropeptide prevents hyperthreoninemia in formula-fed preterm infants.

Rigo J, Boehm G, Georgi G, Jelinek J, Nyambugabo K, Sawatzki G · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr (2001)

Effects of alpha-lactalbumin-enriched formula containing different concentrations of glycomacropeptide on infant nutrition.

Sandström O, Lönnerdal B, Graverholt G, Hernell O · Am J Clin Nutr (2008)

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is not critical to whey-induced satiety, but may have a unique role in energy intake regulation through cholecystokinin (CCK).

Burton-Freeman BM · Physiol Behav (2008)

Metabolomic changes demonstrate reduced bioavailability of tyrosine and altered metabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway with ingestion of medical foods in phenylketonuria.

Ney DM, Murali SG, Stroup BM, Nair N, Sawin EA, Rohr F · Mol Genet Metab (2017)

Effect of glycomacropeptide fractions on cholecystokinin and food intake.

Keogh JB, Woonton BW, Taylor CM, Janakievski F, Desilva K, Clifton PM · Br J Nutr (2010)

Dietary supplementation with casein glycomacropeptide, leucine and tryptophan reduces plasma amino acid levels in men.

Larsen ER, Juel A, Jensen E, Hollyer TR, Wegener G · Acta Neuropsychiatr (2022)