1Meta-Analysis2025
Pan LS, Xiong YT, Ye ZC, Zhang J, Deng XH, Wang QY · Pituitary (2025)
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1,001 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most HGH (Somatropin) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1990–2026 with a typical study size of 21 participants.
Based on 1,000 studies · 104 meta-analyses · 831 RCTs · 3,717 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
147 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Pan LS, Xiong YT, Ye ZC, Zhang J, Deng XH, Wang QY · Pituitary (2025)
Theodorakis N, Feretzakis G, Kreouzi M, Anagnostou D, Hitas C, Verykios VS · J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2025)
de Zegher F, Hokken-Koelega A · Pediatrics (2005)
Massart F, Bizzi M, Baggiani A, Miccoli M · Pharmacogenomics (2013)
van der Meulen M, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Broersen LHA, Schoones JW, Pereira AM, van Furth WR · J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2022)
Li Z, Zhou Q, Li Y, Fu J, Huang X, Shen L · Oncotarget (2016)
Azhar S, Daniyal M, Memon RR, Sajid H, Yousfani NEA, Yousuf Ibrahim H · Endocrine (2026)
Massart F, Miccoli M, Baggiani A, Bertelloni S · Pharmacogenomics (2015)
Wu Y, Cheng W, Yang XD, Xiang B · Pediatr Nephrol (2013)
Atkinson HF, Moyer RF, Yacoub D, Coughlin D, Birmingham TB · Can J Aging (2017)
Machado Magalhães PL, Cunha Amaral D, Pereira da Silva AM, Falcão L, Pereira Gonzalez JV, de Bastos Maximiano ML · Eye (Lond) (2026)
Dal J, Skov BG, Andersen M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Feltoft CL, Karmisholt J · Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) (2021)
Dutta D, Mahajan K, Kumar M, Sharma M · Diabetes Metab Syndr (2022)
Newman CB, Carmichael JD, Kleinberg DL · Pituitary (2015)
Yuan Y, Zhou B, Liu S, Wang Y, Wang K, Zhang Z · Endocrine (2021)
Zhang J, Guo S, Wang T, Chen Q · Sci Rep (2025)
Tritos NA, Danias PG · Endocr Pract (2008)
Yang P, Wu R, Zhang H · Reprod Biol Endocrinol (2020)
Lind L, Strand R, Kullberg J, Ahlström H · Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis (2021)
Kolibianakis EM, Venetis CA, Diedrich K, Tarlatzis BC, Griesinger G · Hum Reprod Update (2009)