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Lga4.0
L. gasseri Research
Mostly mechanism / observational
23 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most L. gasseri studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from medium-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2010–2026 with a typical study size of 87 participants.
Based on 23 studies · 2 meta-analyses · 7 RCTs · 983 total participants
Confidence
High confidence
By outcome
Body weight & obesityAt best about 1 kg of body weight and a few cm² of visceral fat over 12 weeks, mostly from within-group comparisons, and reversing within weeks of stopping · 12 weeks
Mostly mechanism / observational10 studies
Visceral & abdominal fat
Mostly mechanism / observational7 studies
IBS & digestive symptoms
Mostly mechanism / observational6 studies
Glucose & metabolic
Too few graded studies2 studies
Adipose tissue inflammation
Too few graded studies2 studies
Blood lipids & fatty acids
Too few graded studies1 study
Active research area
12 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
201020182026
1RCTn=200 · medium study2023
In plain English: These data suggest that LG2055 suppresses the subjective symptoms of the common cold by activating pDCs and improving the host's immune system in healthy adults, especially in immune-weakened individuals (UMIN000049183).
Kobatake E et al. · Nutrients (2023)
Three participants discontinued the trial and six participants were excluded from the analysis, thus 191 participants (95 in the LG2055 group and 96 in the placebo group) were analyzed.
The LG2055 group showed a significantly higher ratio of "without symptoms" responses for runny nose, plugged nose, sneezing, sore throat, hoarseness, and chill than the placebo group.
Furthermore, a stratified analysis revealed that LG2055 intake enhanced CD86 and HLA-DR expression in the pDCs of the participants with low secretion rates of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A.
In plain English: These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.
Morais AHA et al. · Nutrients (2020)
In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection.
This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus.
These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.
In plain English: These findings provide new insights into the function of paraprobiotic CP2305 in relieving mild climacteric symptoms in women.
Sawada D et al. · Nutrients (2022)
The percentage of women with symptom relief for the SMI total score was 75.0%, with 30 of 40 women in the CP2305 group, and 55.0%, with 22 of 40 women in the placebo group (p = 0.0594).
Assessment was based on the observation of climacteric symptoms with two validated questionnaires-the Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) and the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS).
The results showed that CP2305 provided significant relief in the SMI total score, SMI vasomotor score, SMI psychological score, GCS total score, GCS somatic score, and GCS vasomotor score compared to the placebo.
In plain English: Future studies should avoid broad category-level claims and prioritize preparation- and matrix-defined human evidence with standardized safety reporting.
Mechanistic pathways include gut barrier integrity, immunomodulation, short-chain fatty acid signaling, tryptophan-kynurenine-serotonin metabolism, vagal communication, and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Future studies should avoid broad category-level claims and prioritize preparation- and matrix-defined human evidence with standardized safety reporting.
In plain English: The emerging role of probiotic interventions as adjunctive strategies in HPV management is also discussed, highlighting their possible synergy with conventional treatments and prophylactic vaccination.
Kęczkowska E, Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J, Bałabas A, Piątkowska M, Dąbrowska M, Czarnowski P, Hennig EE, Brązert M, Olcha P, Ciebiera M, Zeber-Lubecka N. · Biology (2025)
Additionally, they may regulate tumor-suppressor microRNAs and modulate dendritic cell and macrophage activity, supporting antiviral immunity.
Recent studies have explored their potential influence on CIN regression and HR-HPV clearance, particularly the strains Lactobacillus crispatus and L. gasseri , which are associated with favorable microbial community states.
The emerging role of probiotic interventions as adjunctive strategies in HPV management is also discussed, highlighting their possible synergy with conventional treatments and prophylactic vaccination.
In plain English: Future work should emphasize mechanistic causality and individualized host-microbe interactions within the microbe-metabolite-host signaling network to support clinical translation of microbiota-based therapies.
Li H, Zhou H, Li M, Wu J, Pan L. · Frontiers in microbiology (2026)
These interactions collectively shape the dynamic balance between uric acid production and excretion.
Probiotic and prebiotic interventions, such as Lactobacillus fermentum GR-3, Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136, and Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3, effectively improve uric acid dysregulation via the gut-kidney and gut-liver axes, underscoring their therapeutic potential.
In parallel, emerging metabolite- and receptor-targeted strategies provide new opportunities for precision intervention in uric-acid-related metabolic disorders.
Kobatake E, Ebihara S, Miyoshi M, Namba T, Arai T. · Frontiers in nutrition (2025)
The LG2055 group showed a significantly lower ratio of "with symptoms" during the intake period for nine symptoms (nasal congestion, sneezing, hoarseness, cough, headache, general malaise, chills, feverishness, and feeling unwell) (Chi-squared test, p < 0.05).
In middle-aged participants (≥40 years), LG2055 neither activated pDCs nor strongly influenced their physical condition.
Conclusion The study results indicate that pDC activation by LG2055 contributes to the maintenance of physical condition and suggests that LG2055 improves subjective symptoms by activating pDCs.
In plain English: Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of targeted psychobiotics to enhance mental well-being and support stress resilience, while highlighting the need for carefully designed clinical trials to clarify efficacy and mechanisms.
Sisubalan N, Kesika P, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C. · Frontiers in microbiology (2026)
While some studies reported improvements in mood, anxiety, sleep quality, and cognitive performance, others showed limited effects, particularly in healthy populations with low baseline stress levels, reflecting the challenges of translating preclinical findings into clinical applications in humans.
Mechanistic evidence suggests that psychobiotics may influence neuroactive metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, γ -aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and anti-inflammatory pathways, thereby modulating cognitive and emotional processes.
The effects happen dependent on factors such as dosage, strain specificity, delivery method, baseline stress or symptom levels, and co-administration with conventional treatments.
In plain English: All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
Athapaththu HAD et al. · Letters in applied microbiology (2026)
The evidence indicates that probiotic strains, particularly Lactobacillus gasseri and Bifidobacterium breve, are consistently associated with reductions in visceral fat, total body fat, waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage, while effects on body weight and BMI remain modest.
For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints.
All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site-for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
Ghathian KSA, Halkjær SI, Krogfelt KA, Frimodt-Møller N, Hansen KH, Frederiksen AKS, Holm A, Petersen AM. · Trials (2026)
Discussion This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigates the effectiveness of ASTARTE™ in restoring beneficial microbiomes and reducing UTI recurrence.
The findings will provide valuable evidence on the effectiveness of a non-antibiotic strategy for the prevention of rUTI as well as insights into the complex interactions between the vaginal and gut microbiome and the risk of rUTI.
In plain English: Future research should prioritize personalized microbiome-based therapies and large-scale clinical trials to validate efficacy and safety.
Chen N, Li L, Han Y, Chen Z. · Journal of inflammation research (2025)
For example, FMT from H7N9-survivor mice improved influenza resistance in recipients, and oral probiotics reduced respiratory failure risk in COVID-19 patients.
These findings suggest that gut-lung axis modulation is a promising adjunctive approach for treating viral respiratory infections.
Future research should prioritize personalized microbiome-based therapies and large-scale clinical trials to validate efficacy and safety.
In plain English: The one trial with a genuine between-group visceral fat difference — 21.6 cm² at the highest dose.
Kim J et al. · J Med Food (2018)
Visceral adipose tissue was significantly lower in the high-dose group versus placebo (P=0.038); the between-group difference after 12 weeks was -21.6 cm² (P=0.012)
Waist circumference fell significantly from baseline in both the low- and high-dose groups but not in placebo
Biochemical parameters were NOT significantly different among the groups
Tanihiro R, Hosaka R, Sawada D, Hirota T. · Frontiers in nutrition (2026)
Heat-treated CP2305 consumption was associated with modulation of brain activity, enhancement of parasympathetic activity, and alleviation of stress, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient for mental health support.
These beneficial effects may be partly associated with alterations in gut-derived 5-HT signaling induced by heat-treated CP2305.
However, further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
In plain English: The largest SBT2055 trial — but the numbers are within-group changes, there is no dose-response, and the effect faded four weeks after stopping.
Kadooka Y et al. · Br J Nutr (2013)
Abdominal visceral fat area at week 12 changed from BASELINE by -8.5% (95% CI -11.9, -5.1; P<0.01) at 10^7 CFU/g and -8.2% (95% CI -10.8, -5.7; P<0.01) at 10^6 CFU/g
These are within-group changes from baseline; the paper's contrast is that no parameter decreased significantly in the control group
NO dose-response: the 10-fold lower dose produced essentially the same result
In plain English: The original result — 4.6% less visceral fat and 1.1 kg of body weight — all measured as change from baseline within the active group.
Kadooka Y et al. · Eur J Clin Nutr (2010)
Abdominal visceral fat area decreased from BASELINE by 4.6% (-5.8 cm², 95% CI -10.0 to -1.7; P<0.01) and subcutaneous fat by 3.3% (-7.4 cm²)
Body weight fell 1.4% (-1.1 kg, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.7; P<0.001); BMI -0.4 kg/m²; waist -1.7 cm; hip -1.5 cm
No between-group statistical test for fat area is reported — the comparison offered is that none of these parameters decreased significantly in the control group
In plain English: Lower postprandial fatty acids — but from a sequential, non-randomised, within-subject design with no parallel placebo group.
Ogawa A et al. · Lipids Health Dis (2014)
Postprandial serum non-esterified fatty acids from 120 to 480 minutes, and the triglyceride level at 120 minutes, were significantly lower in the active period (P<0.05)
Fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid fell significantly at week 4 versus the control period (P<0.001)
DESIGN CAVEAT: single-blind, within-subject, repeated-measure. All 20 subjects took the control fermented milk FIRST for 4 weeks, then washed out, then took the active — there was no randomisation and no parallel placebo arm
In plain English: The null one: a slight weight reduction, but no significant difference between the groups.
Jung SP et al. · Korean J Fam Med (2013)
At 12 weeks a slight reduction in body weight was noted in the BNR17 group, but there were NO significant weight changes between groups
Waist and hip circumference decreases were more pronounced with BNR17, but the authors state there were no significant differences between the two groups
PubMed indexes this paper as a Journal Article only — it is NOT tagged as a Randomized Controlled Trial despite the title