1Meta-Analysis2026
Pereira da Silva AM, de Deus O, Ribeiro FV, Tudella GCN, Cabeça LS, Silva LL · Am J Geriatr Psychiatry (2026)
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249 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Lithium (low-dose) studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1968–2026.
Based on 249 studies · 23 meta-analyses · 201 RCTs
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
Only 23 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Pereira da Silva AM, de Deus O, Ribeiro FV, Tudella GCN, Cabeça LS, Silva LL · Am J Geriatr Psychiatry (2026)
Fredskild MU, Bruun CF, Vinberg M, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Kessing LV, Munkholm K · J Affect Disord (2025)
Vita G, Nöhles VB, Ostuzzi G, Barbui C, Tedeschi F, Heuer FH · J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry (2025)
Wang JX, Le GH, Wong S, Teopiz KM, Kwan ATH, Rosenblat JD · J Affect Disord (2025)
Hsu CW, Carvalho AF, Tsai SY, Wang LJ, Tseng PT, Lin PY · Acta Psychiatr Scand (2021)
Hui TP, Kandola A, Shen L, Lewis G, Osborn DPJ, Geddes JR · Acta Psychiatr Scand (2019)
Oya K, Sakuma K, Esumi S, Hashimoto Y, Hatano M, Matsuda Y · Neuropsychopharmacol Rep (2019)
Sun YR, Herrmann N, Scott CJM, Black SE, Khan MM, Lanctôt KL · J Affect Disord (2018)
Taylor MJ · Br J Psychiatry (2018)
Munk-Olsen T, Liu X, Viktorin A, Brown HK, Di Florio A, D'Onofrio BM · Lancet Psychiatry (2018)
Poels EMP, Schrijver L, Kamperman AM, Hillegers MHJ, Hoogendijk WJG, Kushner SA · Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (2018)
Kessler L, Palla J, Baru JS, Onyenwenyi C, George AM, Lucas BP · Endocr Pract (2014)
Hajek T, Kopecek M, Höschl C, Alda M · J Psychiatry Neurosci (2012)
McKnight RF, Adida M, Budge K, Stockton S, Goodwin GM, Geddes JR · Lancet (2012)
Severus WE, Grunze H, Kleindienst N, Frangou S, Moeller HJ · J Clin Psychopharmacol (2005)
Cipriani A, Pretty H, Hawton K, Geddes JR · Am J Psychiatry (2005)
Tondo L, Hennen J, Baldessarini RJ · Acta Psychiatr Scand (2001)
Bauer M, Dopfmer S · J Clin Psychopharmacol (1999)
Honig A, Arts BM, Ponds RW, Riedel WJ · Int Clin Psychopharmacol (1999)
Emilien G, Maloteaux JM, Seghers A, Charles G · Eur Neuropsychopharmacol (1996)