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6 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Magnesium L-Threonate studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from medium-quality randomised trials published 2010–2025 with a typical study size of 100 participants.
Based on 6 studies · 4 RCTs · 333 total participants
Confidence
ModerateBy outcome
4 studies in the last 5 years
A 6-week RCT (n=100, 2g/day Magtein) found improved overall cognitive performance and reaction time, but no change on Raven's matrices and only mixed self-reported sleep effects.
Lopresti AL et al. · Frontiers in nutrition (2025)
An RCT reported magnesium-L-threonate improved self-reported sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with sleep complaints (note: a published erratum followed).
Hausenblas HA et al. · Sleep medicine: X (2024)
An industry-funded RCT (MMFS-01, n=44 older adults with cognitive impairment) found significantly improved overall cognitive ability vs placebo.
Liu G et al. · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2016)
An RCT found a Magtein-based formula improved cognitive functions in healthy Chinese adults.
Zhang C et al. · Nutrients (2022)
An EFSA scientific opinion assessed the safety and magnesium bioavailability of magnesium-L-threonate as a novel food.
EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) et al. · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority (2024)
The foundational rodent study showing that elevating brain magnesium (via magnesium-L-threonate) enhances learning and memory and synapse density.
Slutsky I et al. · Neuron (2010)