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Mazdutide (GLP-1 / glucagon receptor dual agonist)
An investigational once-weekly injectable GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist (an oxyntomodulin analogue, IBI362/LY3305677) developed mainly in China by Innovent and Eli Lilly for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Honest appraisal: real phase-2 and phase-3 randomized trials show clinically meaningful weight loss (~12-17% at higher doses) and HbA1c reduction, but the evidence is almost entirely single-region (Chinese) and recent. It was approved in China in 2025 — it is NOT FDA-approved and is not available or approved in the West. It is a prescription drug, not a dietary supplement.
Prescription medication — not a dietary supplement
Mazdutide is a prescription (or investigational) drug, not a supplement. It is included here for reference because people research and discuss it (often used off-label) — not as a recommendation. Take it only under a qualified clinician's supervision and only as prescribed; do not source it from grey-market vendors, where identity, purity, and dosing are unverified. The evidence below reflects its clinical trials.
What the evidence says
Mazdutide doesn't have enough studies with structured effect-size data yet to pool a verdict. Browse the studies below for individual findings.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2021–2026 with a typical study size of 461 participants.
Based on 27 studies · 6 meta-analyses · 11 RCTs · 1,252 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
Moderate score reflects methodologically sound phase-2/3 RCTs and meta-analyses showing large weight loss and HbA1c reductions, tempered by recent, almost entirely single-region (Chinese) data, no FDA approval, and no long-term outcomes.
25 trials ongoing or recruiting · 18 completed on ClinicalTrials.gov
1 of the completed trials have posted results
Registered trials show research momentum for Mazdutide, not proof of effect — a registration is a plan, and posted results are sponsor-reported, not peer-reviewed. They are never counted toward the evidence rating above.
Browse these trials on ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov · as of Nov 2026
Mazdutide (development codes IBI362 / LY3305677; Chinese brand Xinermei) is a once-weekly subcutaneous peptide that activates two receptors at once: the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and the glucagon (GCGR) receptor. It is an analogue of oxyntomodulin, a gut hormone that naturally engages both receptors.
GLP-1 agonism suppresses appetite and slows gastric emptying; adding glucagon agonism is intended to raise energy expenditure and reduce hepatic fat, on top of the GLP-1 weight-loss effect. It is co-developed by Innovent Biologics and Eli Lilly.
In June 2025 it received its first approval — in China — for long-term weight management in adults (BMI >=28, or >=24 with a weight-related comorbidity), and in September 2025 a second China approval for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
It is NOT approved by the FDA, EMA, or other Western regulators, and is investigational outside China.
The clinical evidence is genuine but geographically narrow: phase-1b multiple-ascending-dose trials (2021-2022) established tolerability and dose-dependent weight loss; phase-2 trials in Chinese adults with overweight/obesity showed ~6.7-11.3% weight loss at 24 weeks (3-6 mg) and ~12.8% at 9 mg, and a phase-2 T2D trial showed HbA1c reductions of ~1.4-1.7% with weight loss, superior to dulaglutide.
The pivotal phase-3 program (GLORY) reported ~11-14% weight loss at 48 weeks (4/6 mg, GLORY-1) and ~16.7% at 60 weeks (9 mg, GLORY-2) versus placebo, plus phase-3 T2D trials showing HbA1c reductions up to ~2.2% (monotherapy vs placebo) and superiority to dulaglutide.
Beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipids were consistently seen. The most frequent adverse effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) — notably common at the 9 mg dose (vomiting ~53%, nausea ~47% in GLORY-2) — mostly mild-to-moderate and concentrated during dose escalation.
Because it also agonizes the glucagon receptor, class-level questions about heart rate and hepatic effects warrant monitoring, and long-term outcome data are not yet available.
This is a prescription drug under investigation in the West, not a supplement; anything sold as 'mazdutide' outside a legitimate Chinese prescription is grey-market material of unverified identity, purity, and dose.
Overall the evidence is moderate: methodologically sound phase-2/3 RCTs, but recent, mostly single-region, and not yet FDA-approved.
Mazdutide is a single oxyntomodulin-analogue peptide that activates both the GLP-1 receptor and the glucagon (GCGR) receptor — the basis for its 'dual agonist' classification, combining GLP-1-driven appetite suppression with glucagon-driven energy expenditure and hepatic effects.
Through GLP-1 agonism it suppresses appetite and slows gastric emptying, reducing food intake — the main driver of the weight loss seen across the GLORY phase-3 program.
Glucagon-receptor agonism is intended to increase energy expenditure and reduce liver fat, an effect proposed to add to GLP-1-driven weight loss — though the glucagon arm also raises class-level monitoring questions (heart rate, hepatic, glucose).
Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion via GLP-1 agonism, lowering HbA1c and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes trials, with weight loss as a co-benefit.
How Mazdutide works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.
Investigational and not approved — there is no legitimate, quality-assured supply outside a Chinese prescription. Do not use grey-market material.
Use with caution or avoid; monitor for pancreatitis symptoms.
Hypoglycemia risk — concomitant doses may need reduction under medical supervision.
Contraindicated — not studied in pregnancy and weight loss is not recommended during pregnancy.
Additive glucose-lowering raises hypoglycemia risk; concomitant doses may need reduction under medical supervision.
Delayed gastric emptying can alter the absorption of co-administered oral drugs; most relevant for narrow-therapeutic-index agents and oral contraceptives.
Tip: Slow dose escalation; smaller meals; usually eases after titration
Tip: Slower escalation; especially frequent at the 9 mg dose
Tip: Hydration; slower escalation
Tip: Expected effect; ensure adequate protein intake
Tip: Monitor; the glucagon arm warrants attention to heart rate — report palpitations
Tip: Stop and seek care for severe persistent abdominal pain; avoid with a pancreatitis history
Mazdutide has an evidence score of 5/10 — moderate evidence based on 27 indexed studies, including 2 meta-analyses. An investigational once-weekly injectable GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist (an oxyntomodulin analogue, IBI362/LY3305677) developed mainly in China by Innovent and Eli Lilly for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Honest appraisal: real phase-2 and phase-3 randomized trials show clinically meaningful weight loss (~12-17% at higher doses) and HbA1c reduction, but the evidence is almost entirely single-region (Chinese) and recent. It was approved in China in 2025 — it is NOT FDA-approved and is not available or approved in the West. It is a prescription drug, not a dietary supplement. Representative study: PMID 41804840.
Dosing for Mazdutide: Investigational / China-only dosing: once-weekly subcutaneous injection, dose-escalated over several weeks. Trial maintenance doses studied were 4 mg, 6 mg, and 9 mg once weekly (lower doses used during titration to limit GI effects). There is no FDA-approved regimen. Individual needs vary, so check the right dose for you with a healthcare provider.
Timing is flexible for Mazdutide — consistent daily use matters more than the time of day. Administered once weekly on the same day, with or without food.
Mazdutide should be used with caution — talk to a healthcare provider before taking it. Reported side effects include pancreatitis (class signal), vomiting, increased heart rate (glucagon/GLP-1 class signal). How often they occur is not established for all of them. Use caution if any of these apply to you: Pregnancy and breastfeeding; Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2 (class-level precaution for GLP-1-based agents); History of pancreatitis (use with caution / avoid).
Semaglutide
Too few graded studiesAn FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist (Ozempic/Rybelsus for type 2 diabetes, Wegovy for chronic weight management) with genuinely strong, large-RCT evidence for glycemic control and substantial weight loss, plus a cardiovascular-outcomes benefit. Honest appraisal: this is a real prescription medicine with real efficacy AND real risks — a US FDA boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors, pancreatitis and gallbladder risk, very common GI side effects, and growing concern about grey-market/compounded versions. It is a prescription drug, not a supplement, and is never auto-recommended.
Tirzepatide
Too few graded studiesAn FDA-approved prescription medication (Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes, Zepbound for obesity and obstructive sleep apnea), not a dietary supplement. Honest appraisal: in head-to-head phase-3 trials it is the most effective approved weight-loss drug to date — up to ~21% body-weight loss over 72 weeks and superior to semaglutide — but it is a real medicine with real risks: a US FDA boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors, common GI side effects, and pancreatitis/gallbladder signals. Do not source or use it outside a prescription.
Liraglutide
Too few graded studiesAn FDA-approved, once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist (Victoza for type 2 diabetes, Saxenda for chronic weight management). Honest appraisal: a real prescription medicine with genuinely strong large-RCT evidence for glycemic control and moderate weight loss, plus a cardiovascular-outcomes benefit (LEADER). It also carries real risks — a US FDA boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumors, pancreatitis and gallbladder risk, very common GI side effects, and lean-mass loss with weight loss. It is a prescription medicine, NOT a supplement, and is not auto-recommended.
Orforglipron
Too few graded studiesAn ORAL, non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist for obesity, also studied in type 2 diabetes — the headline is the convenience of a once-daily pill (no injection, no cold chain, no food/water restrictions) delivering GLP-1-class glycemic and weight benefit. In the US, orforglipron is approved as Foundayo for long-term weight management in adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, together with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. FDA approval was granted on 1 April 2026. An EMA list dated 5 October 2026 places orforglipron under evaluation. Honest appraisal: the phase-2 data are strong and the phase-3 read-outs (ATTAIN/ACHIEVE) are promising, but it has the full GLP-1-class side-effect burden (very common dose-dependent nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, higher discontinuation than injectables in some comparisons), the US label carries a boxed warning about thyroid C-cell tumours, and long-term outcomes are unsettled. It is NOT a dietary supplement.
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Reviewed by Dr. Baher Al Hakim · Last reviewed June 2026 · evidence from 27 studies · how we score · editorial policy
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.
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