1Meta-Analysis1998
Pittler MH, Ernst E · Am J Gastroenterol (1998)
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51 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Peppermint Oil studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1986–2026 with a typical study size of 126 participants.
Based on 51 studies · 8 meta-analyses · 30 RCTs · 381 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
19 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2022
Pittler MH, Ernst E · Am J Gastroenterol (1998)
Ford AC, Talley NJ, Spiegel BM, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Schiller L, Quigley EM · BMJ (2008)
Ingrosso MR, Ianiro G, Nee J, Lembo AJ, Moayyedi P, Black CJ · Aliment Pharmacol Ther (2022)
Alammar N, Wang L, Saberi B, Nanavati J, Holtmann G, Shinohara RT · BMC Complement Altern Med (2019)
Khanna R, MacDonald JK, Levesque BG · J Clin Gastroenterol (2014)
Hawrelak JA, Wohlmuth H, Pattinson M, Myers SP, Goldenberg JZ, Harnett J · Complement Ther Med (2020)
Aziz M, Sharma S, Ghazaleh S, Fatima R, Acharya A, Ghanim M · Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol (2020)
Black CJ, Yuan Y, Selinger CP, Camilleri M, Quigley EMM, Moayyedi P · Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol (2020)
Báez G, Vargas C, Arancibia M, Papuzinski C, Franco JV · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2023)
Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Drummond PD · Phytother Res (2020)
Korterink JJ, Rutten JM, Venmans L, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM · J Pediatr (2015)
Anheyer D, Frawley J, Koch AK, Lauche R, Langhorst J, Dobos G · Pediatrics (2017)
Utz S, Bittel M, Langhorst J · Z Gastroenterol (2024)
Weerts ZZRM, Masclee AAM, Witteman BJM, Clemens CHM, Winkens B, Brouwers JRBJ · Gastroenterology (2020)
Iida H, Inamori M, Uchiyama T, Endo H, Hosono K, Akiyama T · Hepatogastroenterology (2011)
Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, Huang CK, Poon SK · J Gastroenterol (1997)
Ballou S, Kaptchuk TJ, Hirsch W, Nee J, Iturrino J, Hall KT · Trials (2017)
Weerts ZZRM, Keszthelyi D, Vork L, Aendekerk NCP, Frijlink HW, Brouwers JRBJ · Adv Ther (2018)
Cash BD, Epstein MS, Shah SM · Dig Dis Sci (2016)
May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Köhler S · Arzneimittelforschung (1996)