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Ptc3.5

Phosphatidylcholine Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

55 peer-reviewed studies

What the evidence says

Mostly mechanism / observational

Most Phosphatidylcholine studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.

Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1979–2026 with a typical study size of 100 participants.

Based on 55 studies · 1 meta-analysis · 54 RCTs · 339 total participants

Confidence

Moderate confidence

By outcome

Cognitive function
Mostly mechanism / observational12 studies
Liver healthImproves fatty-liver markers (mostly in phospholipid combination products) · 8-24 weeks
Mostly mechanism / observational8 studies

Slowing down

Only 4 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2003

197920022026

1Meta-Analysis2003

Higgins JP, Flicker L · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2003)

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2RCT1991

Chan PC, Tam SC, Robinson JD, Yu L, Ip MS, Chan CY · Nephron (1991)

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3RCT1995

Zeman M, Zák A, Stolba P · Sb Lek (1995)

4RCT1979

Holan KR, Holzbach RT, Hsieh JY, Welch DK, Turcotte JG · Digestion (1979)

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5RCT1981

Pérez-Cruet J, Menéndez I, Alvarez-Ghersi J, Falcón JR, Valderrábano O, Castro-Urrutia EC · Bol Asoc Med P R (1981)

6RCT2011

Su HL, Zhu YX, Gao ZJ, Dong XY, Zhu JY, Lei WR · Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi (2011)

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7RCT2005

Ozerova IN, Akhmedzhanov NM, Perova NV, Paramonova IV · Bull Exp Biol Med (2005)

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8RCT2003

Lieber CS, Weiss DG, Groszmann R, Paronetto F, Schenker S · Alcohol Clin Exp Res (2003)

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9RCT1982

Jenkins PJ, Portmann BP, Eddleston AL, Williams R · Liver (1982)

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10RCT1982

Brinkman SD, Pomara N, Goodnick PJ, Barnett N, Domino EF · J Clin Psychopharmacol (1982)

11RCT1990

Gelenberg AJ, Dorer DJ, Wojcik JD, Falk WE, Brotman AW, Leahy L · J Clin Psychiatry (1990)

12RCT1995

Guan R, Ho KY, Kang JY, Yap I, Gwee KA, Tan CC · Aliment Pharmacol Ther (1995)

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13RCT1992

Buchman AL, Dubin M, Jenden D, Moukarzel A, Roch MH, Rice K · Gastroenterology (1992)

14RCT2011

Ma AL, Guo XZ, Liu X, Xu Q, Wang TL · Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi (2011)

15RCT2018

Hirose A, Terauchi M, Osaka Y, Akiyoshi M, Kato K, Miyasaka N · Nutr J (2018)

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16RCT2004

Volz HP, Hehnke U, Hauke W · MMW Fortschr Med (2004)

17RCT2017

Kozlova IV, Myalina YN, Lipina LP, Bakulev AL · Ter Arkh (2017)

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18RCT2012

Cheatham CL, Goldman BD, Fischer LM, da Costa KA, Reznick JS, Zeisel SH · Am J Clin Nutr (2012)

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19RCT1985

Visco G · Clin Ter (1985)

20RCT1994

Kirsten R, Heintz B, Nelson K, Hesse K, Schneider E, Oremek G · Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther (1994)

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Phosphatidylcholine Research

Mostly mechanism / observational

Lecithin for dementia and cognitive impairment.

Effect of phosphatidylcholine on ultrafiltration in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

[The effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine administration on lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia IIB].

Effect of oral administration of 'essential' phospholipid, beta-glycerophosphate, and linoleic acid on biliary lipids in patients with cholelithiasis.

Double-blind study of lecithin in the treatment of persistent tardive dyskinesia.

[Efficacy comparison between bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine treatments for the patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].

Simvastatin and preparation of polyunsaturated phospholipids produce similar changes in the phospholipid composition of high-density lipoproteins during hypercholesterolemia.

I. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in alcoholic liver disease: effects on drinking behavior by nurse/physician teams.

Use of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline in HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis: results of prospective double-blind controlled trial.

A dose-ranging study of lecithin in the treatment of primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease).

A crossover study of lecithin treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis.

Lecithin increases plasma free choline and decreases hepatic steatosis in long-term total parenteral nutrition patients.

[Efficacy comparison between bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine treatments for alcoholic liver disease].

Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

[Improvement in quality of life in the elderly. Results of a placebo-controlled study on the efficacy and tolerability of lecithin fluid in patients with impaired cognitive functions].

[Optimization of therapy for hepatobiliary disorders in psoriatic patients].

Phosphatidylcholine supplementation in pregnant women consuming moderate-choline diets does not enhance infant cognitive function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

[Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in association with vitamin B complex in the treatment of acute viral hepatitis B. Results of a randomized double-blind clinical study].

Polyenylphosphatidylcholine improves the lipoprotein profile in diabetic patients.