1Meta-Analysis2011
Klein K, Rode L, Nicolaides KH, Krampl-Bettelheim E, Tabor A, Vogel I · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2011)
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569 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Progesterone studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1976–2026 with a typical study size of 310 participants.
Based on 563 studies · 76 meta-analyses · 455 RCTs · 28,478 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
86 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Klein K, Rode L, Nicolaides KH, Krampl-Bettelheim E, Tabor A, Vogel I · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2011)
Green KA, Zolton JR, Schermerhorn SM, Lewis TD, Healy MW, Terry N · Fertil Steril (2017)
Care A, Nevitt SJ, Medley N, Donegan S, Good L, Hampson L · BMJ (2022)
Wu H, Zhang S, Lin X, He J, Wang S, Zhou P · Reprod Biol Endocrinol (2021)
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R, Rehal A, Brizot ML, Serra V, Da Fonseca E · Am J Obstet Gynecol (2023)
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, El-Refaie W, Rode L, Brizot ML, Cetingoz E · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2017)
Hill MJ, Whitcomb BW, Lewis TD, Wu M, Terry N, DeCherney AH · Fertil Steril (2013)
Gelbaya TA, Kyrgiou M, Tsoumpou I, Nardo LG · Fertil Steril (2008)
Nolan BJ, Liang B, Cheung AS · J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2021)
Loreti S, Thiele K, De Brucker M, Olsen C, Centelles-Lodeiro J, Bourgain C · Hum Reprod (2024)
Sotiriadis A, Papatheodorou S, Makrydimas G · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2012)
Begemann M, Leon M, van der Horn HJ, van der Naalt J, Sommer I · Sci Rep (2020)
Ma J, Huang S, Qin S, You C, Zeng Y · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2016)
Stavridis K, Kastora SL, Triantafyllidou O, Mavrelos D, Vlahos N · Fertil Steril (2023)
Griesinger G, Blockeel C, Kahler E, Pexman-Fieth C, Olofsson JI, Driessen S · PLoS One (2020)
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, Creasy GW · Am J Obstet Gynecol (2018)
Quist-Nelson J, Parker P, Mokhtari N, Di Sarno R, Saccone G, Berghella V · Am J Obstet Gynecol (2018)
Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Rehal A, Da Fonseca E, Brizot ML, Rode L · Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol (2022)
Abdelhakim AM, Abd-ElGawad M, Hussein RS, Abbas AM · Gynecol Endocrinol (2020)
Melo P, Devall A, Shennan AH, Vatish M, Becker CM, Granne I · BJOG (2024)