41 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 8/10
Norouzzadeh M et al. • Nutrition & diabetes (2025)
This meta-analysis examined the effects of Propolis.
Zhong-Yong L et al. • Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators (2024)
The propolis supplementation significantly reduced IL-6 (WMD = -2.48; 95 % CI: -4.62, -0.34; P = 0.023) and TNF-α (WMD = -0.86; 95 % CI: -1.45, -0.26; P = 0.005) compared with control groups.
Lee CC et al. • Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2024)
Regarding pain relief, honey, and P. major L. emerged as effective, significantly reducing pain severity with a mean difference (MD) of -2.96 (95% CI: -3.80 to -1.94) compared to placebo.
Karamani I et al. • Oral health & preventive dentistry (2022)
Chlorhexidine mouthwash in orthodontic patients successfully controls gingival inflammation and bleeding when compared to untreated controls, but is equally effective as other mouthrinses where various oral health indices are concerned.
Abdulla SA et al. • Clinical and experimental dental research (2025)
Antioxidants, particularly melatonin and propolis, enhance periodontal and glycemic outcomes in T2D-periodontitis patients.
Raza A et al. • Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2022)
Though oral and topical antioxidants significantly improved mucositis severity scores in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy in individual studies, the quality of the evidence was low due to the small number of studies and unclear/high-risk bias.
Machado Velho JC et al. • Archives of dermatological research (2023)
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Susila AV et al. • Clinical oral investigations (2023)
The studied natural irrigants are not more efficacious than NaOCl.
Zulhendri F et al. • Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Propolis also reduces the migration of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, possibly by downregulating the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10.
Esposito C et al. • Phytomedicine (2020)
Propolis supplementation reduced the duration and severity of upper respiratory tract infections.
Josa E et al. • Nutrients (2024)
These results suggest that bioactive compounds of plant-based foods and medicinal plants have promising effects in terms of preventing or treating CKD progression and appear to improve inflammation and antioxidant capacity and support cardiovascular benefits and renoprotective effects; however, it is recommended that further studies be carried out.
Karimian J et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that propolis supplementation may be effective in controlling glycemic levels for T2DM patients.
Gholami A et al. • Journal of health, population, and nutrition (2024)
According to our result, propolis supplementation can decrease serum levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α; therefore, it might be considered as complementary therapy for the treatment of certain chronic diseases.
Adeli S et al. • Clinical therapeutics (2024)
Propolis supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST) in a dose-response manner across 21 RCTs.
Sales-Peres SHC et al. • Brazilian oral research (2023)
Treatment with propolis improves general health and facilitates the activation of the immune system against coronavirus.
Amiri Khosroshahi R et al. • Nutrition reviews (2023)
This umbrella review shows that honey, glutamine, and propolis can significantly reduce the incidence of severe OM.
Tavares JAO et al. • Archives of oral biology (2021)
Overall, propolis extract can be considered an effective, safe and low-cost alternative to reduce the dentin hypersensitivity.
Jalali M et al. • Complementary therapies in medicine (2020)
The present study concluded in the statistically and clinically reduction of serum CRP and TNF-α levels following Propolis intake.
Halboub E et al. • BMC oral health (2020)
The results suggest that propolis-based mouthwashes have potential benefits in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation.
Kuo CC et al. • Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2018)
Propolis mouthwash is effective and safe in the treatment of severe oral mucositis.