1Meta-Analysis2021
Spielmans GI · J Sex Res (2021)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
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25 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most PT-141 studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2003–2026 with a typical study size of 684 participants.
Based on 24 studies · 3 meta-analyses · 13 RCTs · 704 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
9 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Spielmans GI · J Sex Res (2021)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Weinberger JM, Houman J, Caron AT, Patel DN, Baskin AS, Ackerman AL · Obstet Gynecol (2018)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Toledo RG, Winkelman WD, Reyes-Gonzalez D, Bergeron S, Fladger A, Hacker MR · J Minim Invasive Gynecol (2026)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Mayer D, Lynch SE · Ann Pharmacother (2020)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R · Obstet Gynecol (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
White WB, Myers MG, Jordan R, Lucas J · J Hypertens (2017)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, DeRogatis LR, Kroll R, Goldstein I · Womens Health (Lond) (2016)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Garcia WD, Spana C · Urology (2005)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY · J Urol (2008)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Clayton AH, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Sadiq A, Krop J, Jordan R · J Womens Health (Larchmt) (2022)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Safarinejad MR · J Sex Med (2008)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Heiman JR, Rosen RC, Perelman MA, Harning R · J Sex Med (2006)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Clayton AH, Lucas J, DeRogatis LR, Jordan R · Clin Ther (2017)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, Shadiack AM, Molinoff PB · Int J Impot Res (2004)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Diamond LE, Earle DC, Rosen RC, Willett MS, Molinoff PB · Int J Impot Res (2004)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Koochaki P, Revicki D, Wilson H, Pokrzywinski R, Jordan R, Lucas J · J Womens Health (Larchmt) (2021)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Jordan R, Lucas J, Sadiq A · J Womens Health (Larchmt) (2022)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Althof S, Derogatis LR, Greenberg S, Clayton AH, Jordan R, Lucas J · J Sex Med (2019)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
In plain English: Further research with standardized methodologies and comprehensive reporting is needed to strengthen the evidence base.
Ashour AM. · Frontiers in medicine (2026)
In plain English: While FDA-approved agents demonstrate clinical potential, investigational peptides require rigorous validation through well-designed clinical trials to establish safety and efficacy for healthspan extension.
Mavrych V, Shypilova I, Bolgova O. · Frontiers in aging (2026)