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Raspberry Ketones
A fragrance compound from raspberries marketed for fat loss. The honest verdict: there are NO human efficacy trials — weight-loss claims rest entirely on animal/cell studies and high-dose multi-ingredient products. Essentially unproven in people.
What the evidence says
Most Raspberry Ketones studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from medium-quality randomised trials published 2015–2023.
Based on 4 studies · 1 RCT
Confidence
Low confidenceBy outcome
Scores low because there are no human efficacy trials — weight-loss claims rest entirely on animal/cell studies, with the few human-relevant papers covering only safety and product quality.
No trials currently enrolling · 2 completed on ClinicalTrials.gov
Registered trials show research momentum for Raspberry Ketones, not proof of effect — a registration is a plan, and posted results are sponsor-reported, not peer-reviewed. They are never counted toward the evidence rating above.
Browse these trials on ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov · as of Sep 2026
Raspberry ketone (rheosmin) is the aroma compound of red raspberries, popularized as a 'fat-burner' after rodent studies and TV promotion. The honest reality: there are NO published human efficacy trials for weight loss.
The marketing rests on animal and cell studies (where it altered fat metabolism at doses far beyond any dietary amount) and on multi-ingredient 'fat-burner' products where any effect can't be attributed to raspberry ketone. Human safety data are also limited. It is, in short, clinically unproven.
Increased fat breakdown in cell/animal models at high doses — not shown in humans.
Proposed norepinephrine-mediated fat metabolism — unconfirmed in people.
How Raspberry Ketones works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.
Avoid — no data.
Raspberry ketone is often combined with caffeine/stimulants — assess the whole product.
Tip: Use conservatively if at all
The current evidence for Raspberry Ketones is insufficient to assign an evidence score, based on 4 indexed studies. A fragrance compound from raspberries marketed for fat loss. The honest verdict: there are NO human efficacy trials — weight-loss claims rest entirely on animal/cell studies and high-dose multi-ingredient products. Essentially unproven in people. Representative study: PMID 26160596.
The commonly studied dose of Raspberry Ketones is Marketed at 100-1400mg daily — but no efficacy is established in humans. Individual needs vary — start at the lower end of the range and adjust based on how you respond.
The best time to take Raspberry Ketones is with meals. Take it with food. Note: no human-trial-validated dose or benefit exists.
Raspberry Ketones is generally safe at recommended doses, with a few precautions worth noting. Reported side effects are uncommon and include limited human safety data. Use caution if any of these apply to you: Pregnancy/breastfeeding (no data); Often sold in stimulant 'fat-burner' blends — check other ingredients.
Smoking status: not checked. AREDS2 Formula: what these mean for you changes depending on whether you smoke or used to, and you have not told us. That check was skipped.
Caffeine
Likely helpsBlocks adenosine receptors to boost alertness, reaction time, and endurance — one of the most proven ergogenic aids.
Berberine
Likely helpsActivates AMPK to regulate blood sugar, improve insulin sensitivity, and support lipid metabolism — comparable to metformin in some trials.
AREDS2 Formula
Mostly mechanism / observationalThe one supplement formula with randomised-trial evidence for slowing age-related macular degeneration — but only in people who already have intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye. It does not prevent AMD, and it does not restore vision that has been lost. AREDS2's own contribution was to swap beta-carotene out, because beta-carotene raises lung cancer risk in smokers and former smokers.
Peppermint Oil
Mostly mechanism / observationalEnteric-coated peppermint oil is one of the better-evidenced botanicals in gastroenterology — multiple meta-analyses of randomized trials show it relieves global symptoms and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with smaller but consistent signals for functional dyspepsia (combined with caraway oil). It is an antispasmodic, not a cure.
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Reviewed by Dr. Baher Al Hakim · Last reviewed June 2026 · evidence from 4 studies · how we score · editorial policy
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.
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