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Scutellaria lateriflora (American Skullcap)
Calming herb that supports relaxation and sleep through GABA modulation — gentler than valerian with less morning grogginess.
What the evidence says
Most Skullcap studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality randomised trials published 2009–2026 with a typical study size of 59 participants.
Based on 48 studies · 4 RCTs · 289 total participants
Confidence
ModerateWhat the studies found
By outcome
Skullcap has an evidence score of 5.5/10 — moderate evidence based on 48 indexed studies, including 2 meta-analyses. Calming herb that supports relaxation and sleep through GABA modulation — gentler than valerian with less morning grogginess.
The commonly studied dose of Skullcap is 350-450mg dried herb OR 1-2ml tincture (1:5), up to 3x daily. Research points to an estimated optimal dose around 600mg, with a minimum effective dose near 350mg. Individual response varies — start low and adjust.
The best time to take Skullcap is in the evening. Taking it with food is preferred. Skullcap species contain anxiolytic and sedative flavonoids — American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) contains baicalin and scutellarin, while Chinese skullcap (S.
Last reviewed May 2026 · evidence from 31 studies · how we score
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.
American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) is a mint-family herb traditionally used for anxiety, nervous tension, and sleep. Its flavonoids, particularly baicalin and scutellarein, modulate GABA receptors to promote calm without heavy sedation. Often preferred over valerian for its gentler action and lack of morning grogginess. Not to be confused with Chinese skullcap (S. baicalensis).
Enhances calming GABA activity
Reduces anxiety without heavy sedation
How Skullcap works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.
350-450mg dried herb OR 1-2ml tincture (1:5), up to 3x daily
Can be taken without food
| Form | Type |
|---|---|
| 💧Fresh plant tincture (most traditional) | Recommended |
| 💊Dried herb capsules | Alternative |
| 🍵Tea | Alternative |
Fresh plant tinctures may be more effective than dried herb. Eclectic physicians favored fresh preparations.
Minimum: 2 weeks
Optimal: 8 weeks
Cycling: Not required
Note: Can be used acutely for anxiety or regularly for nervous system support. Take 30-60 min before bed for sleep.
Based on single crossover RCT (n=43) showing significant group effect for mood in healthy volunteers. Study population was relatively non-anxious (81% mildly anxious or less). Carryover effects noted. Limited evidence base requires further validation in clinical populations.
Reduced anxiety and nervous tension
Easier sleep onset
Traditionally avoided; insufficient data
May have additive sedative effects
Theoretical interaction via GABA
Tip: Reduce dose; don't drive if affected
Tip: Take with food
Skullcap is generally well-tolerated and considered safe for most healthy adults at recommended doses. The most commonly reported side effects are drowsiness, GI upset. Use caution if any of these apply to you: Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Skullcap or related compounds; Liver disease; Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Magnesium
Probably helpsSupports 300+ enzymatic reactions — critical for sleep, stress response, muscle function, and cognitive health.
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