1Meta-Analysis2013
Qin Y, Niu K, Zeng Y, Liu P, Yi L, Zhang T · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2013)
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221 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Soy Protein studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1995–2026 with a typical study size of 73 participants.
Based on 221 studies · 26 meta-analyses · 193 RCTs · 3,333 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
Only 21 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2025
Qin Y, Niu K, Zeng Y, Liu P, Yi L, Zhang T · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2013)
Zhang J, Liu J, Su J, Tian F · Eur J Clin Nutr (2014)
Zhan S, Ho SC · Am J Clin Nutr (2005)
Harland JI, Haffner TA · Atherosclerosis (2008)
Blanco Mejia S, Messina M, Li SS, Viguiliouk E, Chiavaroli L, Khan TA · J Nutr (2019)
Wei Y, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Gao M, Du H · Eur J Epidemiol (2020)
Jing Z, Wei-Jie Y · Clin Nutr (2016)
Qiu S, Jiang C · Eur J Nutr (2019)
Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Kanadys W, Baczewska B, Jędrych M, Wawryk-Gawda E · Nutrients (2021)
Reed KE, Camargo J, Hamilton-Reeves J, Kurzer M, Messina M · Reprod Toxicol (2021)
Badger TM, Ronis MJ, Simmen RC, Simmen FA · J Am Coll Nutr (2005)
Wu J, Dong J, Jiang X, Qin L · Wei Sheng Yan Jiu (2013)
Nachvak SM, Moradi S, Anjom-Shoae J, Rahmani J, Nasiri M, Maleki V · J Acad Nutr Diet (2019)
Xiong P, Zhu YF · Medicine (Baltimore) (2021)
Katz Y, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, González MG, Rivas R, Lee BW, Alarcon P · Clin Rev Allergy Immunol (2014)
Yang B, Chen Y, Xu T, Yu Y, Huang T, Hu X · Asia Pac J Clin Nutr (2011)
Zhang XM, Zhang YB, Chi MH · Yonsei Med J (2016)
Trock BJ, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Clarke R · J Natl Cancer Inst (2006)
Gholami A, Baradaran HR, Hariri M · Phytother Res (2021)
Jenkins DJA, Blanco Mejia S, Chiavaroli L, Viguiliouk E, Li SS, Kendall CWC · J Am Heart Assoc (2019)