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Tdl3.0
Tadalafil Research
Too few graded studies
113 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Too few graded studies
Tadalafil doesn't have enough studies with structured effect-size data yet to pool a verdict. Browse the studies below for individual findings.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2007–2026.
Based on 113 studies · 13 meta-analyses · 87 RCTs
Confidence
High confidence
By outcome
Cardiovascular & vascular
Too few graded studies25 studies
Safety profile
Too few graded studies8 studies
Mortality (associational)
Mostly mechanism / observational4 studies
Dementia risk (associational)
Too few graded studies2 studies
Active research area
44 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
200720162026
1Meta-Analysis2025
In plain English: These findings support further investigation of PDE5 in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Cianciarulo C, Nguyen TH, Zacharias A, Standen N, Tucci J, Irving H. · International journal of molecular sciences (2025)
Long-term treatment was associated with reduced IL-6 (SMD = -0.64, p = 0.002) and P-selectin (SMD = -0.57, p = 0.02), and increased cGMP (SMD = 0.87, p = 0.0003).
Effects on IL-10 and nitric oxide were inconsistent across studies.
In plain English: This study demonstrates that PDE5I combined with TCM demonstrates superior efficacy in improving erectile function and TCM symptom profiles in DMED patients, without increasing adverse events.
Xiang L, Liu A, Tang W, Sun B, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen S, Zhao J, Zhang W, Cai X, Tang X. · Medicine (2025)
In plain English: PDE5is are highly effective, with sildenafil showing a significantly greater efficacy compared with the other PDE5is.
Salonia A et al. · The journal of sexual medicine (2026)
Threshold analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in ED with sildenafil 100 mg [OR 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78-2.63] and 50 mg (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.69-2.50) compared to placebo.
PDE5is are highly effective, with sildenafil showing a significantly greater efficacy compared with the other PDE5is.
In plain English: Compared with the placebo, PDE5is improved vascular parameters, indicating the potential of PDE5is for treating subclinical cardiovascular diseases.
Zhang Y, Peng H, Xin S, Mao J, Zhang J, Li H, Luan Y, Liu X, Wang T, Liu J, Zhang H, Song W. · Systematic reviews (2025)
Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled.
However, the effects of PDE5is on the augmentation index, brachial artery diameter and reactive hyperemia index were not statistically significant.
The title is "Associations between PDE5is and vascular parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis" ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) (Reg.
In plain English: Combination therapy with tamsulosin and tadalafil demonstrated superior efficacy over tamsulosin monotherapy in reducing LUTS, improving quality of life, and enhancing erectile function.
Hashmi TM, Zia R, Ashraf H, Siddiqui M, Haider A, Rumampouw V, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Iqbal J. · World journal of urology (2025)
However, combination therapy resulted in a higher incidence of pain (OR = 5.66, 95% CI 2.56 to 12.52; P < 0.01) and other adverse events (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.60 to 5.49; P < 0.01).
Conclusion Combination therapy with tamsulosin and tadalafil demonstrated superior efficacy over tamsulosin monotherapy in reducing LUTS, improving quality of life, and enhancing erectile function.
However, it was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects.