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Tdl3.0
Tadalafil Research
Mostly mechanism / observational
107 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most Tadalafil studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2007–2026 with a typical study size of 185 participants.
Based on 107 studies · 13 meta-analyses · 83 RCTs · 14,498 total participants
Confidence
High confidence
By outcome
Cardiovascular & vascular
Mostly mechanism / observational25 studies
Safety profile
Mostly mechanism / observational8 studies
Mortality (associational)
Mostly mechanism / observational4 studies
Dementia risk (associational)
Mostly mechanism / observational3 studies
Active research area
38 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
200720162026
1Meta-Analysisn=1,549 · large study2025
In plain English: These findings support further investigation of PDE5 in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Cianciarulo C, Nguyen TH, Zacharias A, Standen N, Tucci J, Irving H. · International journal of molecular sciences (2025)
Long-term treatment was associated with reduced IL-6 (SMD = -0.64, p = 0.002) and P-selectin (SMD = -0.57, p = 0.02), and increased cGMP (SMD = 0.87, p = 0.0003).
Effects on IL-10 and nitric oxide were inconsistent across studies.
In plain English: PDE5is are highly effective, with sildenafil showing a significantly greater efficacy compared with the other PDE5is.
Salonia A et al. · The journal of sexual medicine (2026)
Threshold analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in ED with sildenafil 100 mg [OR 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78-2.63] and 50 mg (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.69-2.50) compared to placebo.
PDE5is are highly effective, with sildenafil showing a significantly greater efficacy compared with the other PDE5is.
In plain English: The title is "Associations between PDE5is and vascular parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis" ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/
Zhang Y, Peng H, Xin S, Mao J, Zhang J, Li H, Luan Y, Liu X, Wang T, Liu J, Zhang H, Song W. · Systematic reviews (2025)
Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled.
However, the effects of PDE5is on the augmentation index, brachial artery diameter and reactive hyperemia index were not statistically significant.
In plain English: However, it was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects.
Hashmi TM, Zia R, Ashraf H, Siddiqui M, Haider A, Rumampouw V, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Iqbal J. · World journal of urology (2025)
However, combination therapy resulted in a higher incidence of pain (OR = 5.66, 95% CI 2.56 to 12.52; P < 0.01) and other adverse events (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.60 to 5.49; P < 0.01).
Conclusion Combination therapy with tamsulosin and tadalafil demonstrated superior efficacy over tamsulosin monotherapy in reducing LUTS, improving quality of life, and enhancing erectile function.
However, it was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects.