1Meta-Analysis2015
Su Q, Nyi TS, Li L · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
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643 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Most Verapamil studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 1975–2026 with a typical study size of 1,434 participants.
Based on 642 studies · 20 meta-analyses · 613 RCTs · 3,545 total participants
Confidence
High confidenceBy outcome
Only 12 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
Su Q, Nyi TS, Li L · Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)
No plain-language summary recorded for this citation — open the paper to read its abstract.
Hansen JF · Drugs (1991)
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Hansen JF · Cardiovasc Drugs Ther (1994)
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Messerli FH, Hansen JF, Gibson RS, Schechtman KB, Boden WE · J Hypertens (2001)
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Wang L, Cheng Z, Gu Y, Peng D · Biomed Res Int (2015)
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Sadagopan A · Andrologia (2019)
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Dong EW, Connelly JE, Borden SP, Yorzyk W, Passov DG, Kupelnick B · Pharmacotherapy (1997)
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Belhassen B, Viskin S · Pacing Clin Electrophysiol (1993)
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Tu S, Zhang R, Zheng Q, Wang J, Chen Y, Li X · Cardiovasc Drugs Ther (2026)
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· Am J Cardiol (1990)
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White WB, Johnson MF, Anders RJ, Elliott WJ, Black HR · Am Heart J (2001)
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White WB, Johnson MF, Black HR, Fakouhi TD · Ethn Dis (1999)
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Zou Z, Xu FY, Wang L, An MM, Zhang H, Shi XY · J Hum Hypertens (2011)
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Pepine CJ, Faich G, Makuch R · Clin Cardiol (1998)
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Su Q, Li L, Liu Y · Clin Cardiol (2013)
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Andrews TC, Reimold SC, Berlin JA, Antman EM · Circulation (1991)
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White WB, Johnson MF, Black HR, Elliott WJ, Sica DA · Am J Hypertens (2001)
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Hansen JF · J Cardiovasc Pharmacol (1991)
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Delaney B, Loy J, Kelly AM · Eur J Emerg Med (2011)
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Persson S · Drugs (1991)
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