69 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10
Ren R et al. • Nutrients (2026)
Overall, B-vitamin combinations do not confer consistent benefit for major cardiovascular outcomes but may reduce stroke and MACE in selected primary prevention populations, suggesting that baseline cardiovascular risk and regional folic acid fortification modify treatment effects and should guide future trial design and clinical use.
Zhang N et al. • The American journal of clinical nutrition (2024)
Our meta-analysis found that the folic acid combined with vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplementation strategy significantly reduced the risk of stroke in areas without and with partial folic acid fortification.
Liang X et al. • Frontiers in immunology (2024)
Patients with vitiligo should reduce smoking and alcohol consumption and take appropriate vitamin E, B12, copper, and zinc supplements.
Borges-Vieira JG et al. • Nutritional neuroscience (2023)
As for anxiety symptoms, the availability of results is limited to adjuvant vitamin D therapy.
Abdelwahab OA et al. • Irish journal of medical science (2024)
All IM, oral, and SL routes of administration of vitamin B12 can effectively increase the level of vitamin B12 without significant differences between them, as thought previously.
Choudhury A et al. • Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology (2023)
Although the pooled OR of vitamin B12 deficiency was slightly increased in PPI users, but there was significant heterogeneity, and the pooled OR was too low to imply an association clearly.
Benites-Zapata VA et al. • Frontiers in endocrinology (2023)
Patients with hypothyroidism had lower levels of vitamin B12 than healthy participants.
Ulloque-Badaracco JR et al. • Frontiers in endocrinology (2023)
Higher vitamin B12 levels were inversely associated with MetS, whereas higher Hcy levels were associated with MetS.
Ankar A et al. • Healthcare (MDPI) (2023)
Vitamin B12 noticeably improved cognition and other neurological parameters in the short term in older adults.
Wang Z et al. • Nutrition reviews (2022)
This meta-analysis suggests that B vitamin supplementation is associated with slowing of cognitive decline, especially in populations who received early intervention and intervention of long duration; the study also indicates that higher intake of dietary folate, but not B12 or B6, is associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia in non-dementia aged population.
Bokayeva K et al. • International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Our study provides valuable insights into the nutritional status of PKU patients, but further research is required to confirm these findings and explore additional factors influencing vitamin status in PKU.
Markun S et al. • Nutrients (2021)
Vitamin B12 supplementation is likely ineffective for improving cognitive function and depressive symptoms in patients without advanced neurological disorders.
Lee CW et al. • Complementary therapies in clinical practice (2022)
Our study suggests that herbal medicine and CHM might be more effective than methylcobalamin alone in the management of DPN.
Chen H et al. • Aging (2024)
Administration of vitamin B12 and folic acid improved MMSE scores more than placebo after 6-month treatment.
Deng XL et al. • Frontiers in endocrinology (2025)
Dapagliflozin combined with methylcobalamin appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for managing DPN in T2DM patients, improving both nerve function and glycemic control.
Stein J et al. • European journal of neurology (2021)
PN is associated with lowered plasma vitamin B12 and elevated methylmalonic acid and homocysteine.
Amado-Garzon SB et al. • Cancer investigation (2024)
There was less consistent evidence linking vitamin B12 and mortality.
Sandoval Leiva T et al. • Nutricion hospitalaria (2024)
However, it is important to continue with research in this area that considers an adequate dietary anamnesis, integral evaluation of nutritional status, estimation of nutritional requirements and an individualized nutritional plan.
Blom JD • Psychopathology (2024)
In the light of the high prevalence rate of vitamin B12 deficiency in the general population, the findings here presented should be interpreted with great caution.
Jensen CF • Nutrition reviews (2023)
Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency.