39 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 7.5/10
Zhang Z et al. • Frontiers in endocrinology (2025)
Vitamin K2 supplementation improves key bone turnover biomarkers, particularly OC and ucOC.
Mantilla-Manosalva N et al. • Seminars in dialysis (2024)
Our review consolidates the existing evidence, elucidating the range of treatments along with their potential benefits and limitations.
Ma ML et al. • Frontiers in public health (2022)
The results of this meta-analysis seem to indicate that VK2 supplementation has a positive effect on the maintenance and improvement of BMD LS in postmenopausal women, and it can also reduce the fracture incidence, serum uc-OC levels and the ratio of uc-OC to cOC.
Zhou M et al. • Journal of bone and mineral metabolism (2022)
This meta-analysis and systematic review seemed to support the hypothesis that vitamin K2 plays an important role in the maintenance and improvement of BMD, and it decreases uc-OC and increases OC significantly at a long-term follow-up.
Chen HG et al. • European journal of nutrition (2019)
Our findings showed that higher dietary vitamin K consumption was associated with a moderately lower risk of CHD, and higher plasma dp-ucMGP concentration, but not total circulating osteocalcin, was associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality.
Iwamoto J et al. • Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy (2013)
The present review of the literature revealed some evidence of a positive effect of menatetrenone on the skeleton of postmenopausal women and in patients treated with glucocorticoid.
Kuang X et al. • Food & function (2020)
The combination of vitamin K and D can significantly increase the total BMD and significantly decrease undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and a more favorable effect is expected when vitamin K2 is used.
Nikpayam O et al. • Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators (2025)
Based on the findings of the present systematic review and meta-analysis, MK-7 may have beneficial effects on glycemic control and TC, although further highly qualified original research is needed for a consistent conclusion.
Hashim MH et al. • Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2025)
Mechanisms including inflammation reduction, oxidative stress modulation, sphingolipid regulation, and vitamin K-dependent protein signaling (e.g., GAS6 and osteocalcin) were discussed based on indirect evidence and require further investigation in depression-specific contexts.
Zhao QY et al. • Journal of nutritional science (2024)
We demonstrated that supplementation with vitamin K has no effect on anthropometrics indexes, CRP, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile factors except HOMA-IR.© The Author(s) 2024.
Wu Y et al. • Nature communications (2021)
This work proves the validity of adenoma-specific markers across multi-populations, which would contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Chin KY • Nutrients (2020)
Although the current data are insufficient to establish the optimal dose of vitamin K to prevent OA, ensuring sufficient dietary intake seems to protect the elderly from OA.
Stevenson M et al. • Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) (2009)
There is currently large uncertainty over whether vitamin K1 is more cost-effective than alendronate; further research is required.
Karamzad N et al. • BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2020)
However, quantification of clinical efficacy in the pre-diabetic population and among individuals with comorbidities requires further investigation.
Palermo A et al. • Metabolism: clinical and experimental (2017)
Vitamin K is in fact required for osteocalcin carboxylation that in turn regulates bone mineral accretion; it seems to promote the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and also limits the proces...
Iwamoto J et al. • Clinical drug investigation (2009)
The present meta-analysis of three RCTs suggests that there is efficacy for menatetrenone treatment against non-vertebral and hip fractures among patients with neurological diseases.
Chu KJ et al. • Asian journal of surgery (2010)
There is evidence to suggest that chemopreventive therapy after partial hepatectomy or local ablative therapy is beneficial in prolonging disease-free survival, but the evidence is less for an effect on the overall survival.
Ishida Y • Clinical calcium (2008)
To confirm these results, a larger well design RCT using fractures as the primary endpoint is clearly needed.
Cockayne S et al. • Archives of internal medicine (2006)
This systematic review suggests that supplementation with phytonadione and menaquinone-4 reduces bone loss.
Levy-Schousboe K et al. • Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2023)
Compared with placebo, an accelerated BMD loss of the 1/3 distal radius was found after 2 years of MK-7 supplementation, whereas a decline in lumbar spine BMD was prevented.