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Vk6.0
Vitamin K2 – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
118 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft wahrscheinlich
Vitamin K2 scheint in 11 von 13 Studien mit messbaren Effekten zu helfen — die Evidenz tendiert klar ins Positive.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2001–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 156 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 114 Studien · 15 Meta-Analysen · 79 RCTs · 251,581 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
11geholfen2unklar· 101 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Bone healthUnterstützt die Knochenmineraldichte und die Skelettstärke · 8-12 Wochen
Hilft wahrscheinlich67 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Hilft wahrscheinlich29 Studien
Women's healthKann helfen, menopausale Symptome wie Hitzewallungen und Stimmungsschwankungen zu bewältigen · 4-8 Wochen · Liefert essentielle Nährstoffe für eine gesunde Schwangerschaft · Fortlaufend
Hilft wahrscheinlich24 Studien
Heart & blood pressureAktiviert MGP, um Kalzium von den Arterien in die Knochen umzuleiten · 8-12 Wochen
Hilft wahrscheinlich22 Studien
Kidney & renal health
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung13 Studien
Glucose & metabolic
Hilft wahrscheinlich7 Studien
InflammationUnterstützt die Knochendichte und den Kalziumstoffwechsel · 6-12 Monate
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Cholesterol & lipidsAktiviert MGP, um Kalzium von den Arterien in die Knochen umzuleiten · 8-12 Wochen
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Joint pain & arthritis
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Muscle cramps & function
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Cognitive function
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Longevity & agingUnterstützt langfristig die Herz-Kreislauf- und Knochengesundheit · Monate bis Jahre
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
In Zahlen
Aus 35 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
86%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
252k
typische Studie: 156 Personen
Stärkste Designs
94
15 gepoolt, 79 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
85%
11/13 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–3 Monate
1
3+ Monate
9
Untersuchte Populationen
General population4
Postmenopausal women2
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis1
Human subjects1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
42 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
200120132026
1Systematische Übersichtn=4,660 · very large study2024
Einfach gesagt: Our review consolidates the existing evidence, elucidating the range of treatments along with their potential benefits and limitations.
Mantilla-Manosalva N et al. · Seminars in dialysis (2024)
Our review consolidates the existing evidence, elucidating the range of treatments along with their potential benefits and limitations.
Future studies should uphold high-quality standards, incorporate patient-reported outcomes, and utilize well-defined, robust samples to improve patient care.
2Lumbar BMD percentage changeMeta-Analysen=6,853 · very large study2022
Einfach gesagt: This meta-analysis and systematic review seemed to support the hypothesis that vitamin K2 plays an important role in the maintenance and improvement of BMD, and it decreases uc-OC and increases OC significantly at a long-term follow-up.
Zhou M et al. · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism (2022)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Vitamin K2 was associated with a significantly increased percentage change of lumbar BMD and forearm BMD (WMD 2.17, 95% CI [1.59-2.76] and WMD 1.57, 95% CI [1.15-1.99]).
There were significant differences in undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uc-OC) reduction (WMD -0.96, 95% CI [-0.70 to 0.21]) and osteocalcin (OC) increment (WMD 26.52, 95% CI [17.06-35.98]).
Adverse reaction analysis showed that there seemed to be higher adverse reaction rates in the vitamin K2 group (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.11-1.59]), but no serious adverse events related to vitamin K2 supplementation.
3Lumbar spine BMD improvementMeta-Analysen=6,425 · very large study2022
Einfach gesagt: The results of this meta-analysis seem to indicate that VK2 supplementation has a positive effect on the maintenance and improvement of BMD LS in postmenopausal women, and it can also reduce the fracture incidence, serum uc-OC levels and the ratio of uc-OC to cOC.
Ma ML et al. · Frontiers in public health (2022)
Likely real
The overall effect test of 10 studies showed a significant improvement in lumbar spine BMD (BMD LS) (P = 0.006) with VK2.
The subgroup analysis of VK2 combination therapy showed that BMD LS was significantly maintained and improved with the administration of VK2 (P = 0.03).
The overall effect test of the six RCTs showed no significant difference in fracture incidence between the two groups (RR=0.96, P=0.65).
4Coronary heart disease riskMeta-Analysen=222,592 · very large study2019
Einfach gesagt: Our findings showed that higher dietary vitamin K consumption was associated with a moderately lower risk of CHD, and higher plasma dp-ucMGP concentration, but not total circulating osteocalcin, was associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality.
Chen HG et al. · European journal of nutrition (2019)
Kaum spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
A significant association was found between dietary phylloquinone and total CHD (pooled HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84, 0.99; I2 = 0%; four studies), as well as menaquinone and total CHD (0.70; 95% CI 0.53, 0.93; I2 = 32.1%; two studies).
Elevated plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), a marker of vitamin K deficiency, was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.84; 95% CI 1.48, 2.28; I2 = 16.8%; five studies) and CVD mortality (1.96; 95% CI 1.47, 2.61; I2 = 0%; two studies).
Our findings showed that higher dietary vitamin K consumption was associated with a moderately lower risk of CHD, and higher plasma dp-ucMGP concentration, but not total circulating osteocalcin, was associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality.
Einfach gesagt: Mechanisms including inflammation reduction, oxidative stress modulation, sphingolipid regulation, and vitamin K-dependent protein signaling (e.g., GAS6 and osteocalcin) were discussed based on indirect evidence and require further investigation in depression-specific contexts.
Hashim MH et al. · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2025)
One small RCT demonstrated modest improvements in depression scores following vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Two preclinical studies using non-depression models reported behavioral improvements and reduced oxidative stress following vitamin K2 administration.
Conclusions: While preliminary findings suggest a potential role for vitamin K in pathways relevant to depression, the current evidence is limited by cross-sectional designs, lack of isoform-specific analyses, and the absence of depression-focused preclinical models.
13Total BMD increaseMeta-Analysen=971 · large study2020
Einfach gesagt: The combination of vitamin K and D can significantly increase the total BMD and significantly decrease undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and a more favorable effect is expected when vitamin K2 is used.
Kuang X et al. · Food & function (2020)
The combination of vitamin K and D can significantly increase the total BMD and significantly decrease undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and a more favorable effect is expected when vitamin K2 is used.
Zhao QY et al. · Journal of nutritional science (2024)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were achieved by random-model effect analysis for the best estimation of outcomes.
The pooled findings showed that vitamin K supplementation can reduce homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0⋅24, 95 % CI: -0⋅49, -0⋅02, P = 0⋅047) significantly compared to the placebo group.
Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of vitamin K2 supplementation compared to vitamin K1 supplementation on HOMA-IR.
Einfach gesagt: Vitamin K is in fact required for osteocalcin carboxylation that in turn regulates bone mineral accretion; it seems to promote the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and also limits the proces...
Palermo A et al. · Metabolism: clinical and experimental (2017)
Vitamin K is in fact required for osteocalcin carboxylation that in turn regulates bone mineral accretion; it seems to promote the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and also limits the process of osteoclastogenesis.
Several observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between vitamin K and bone metabolism, but findings are conflicting and unclear.
This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of vitamin K (plasma levels, dietary intake, and oral supplementation) on bone health with a particular interest in bone remodeling, mineral density and fragility fractures.
16Systematische Übersichtn=2,000 · very large study2009
Einfach gesagt: There is currently large uncertainty over whether vitamin K1 is more cost-effective than alendronate; further research is required.
Stevenson M et al. · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) (2009)
Phylloquinone was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of clinical fractures relative to placebo [relative risk 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.99]; morphometric vertebral fractures were not reported.
There is currently large uncertainty over whether vitamin K1 is more cost-effective than alendronate; further research is required.
It is unlikely that the present prescribing policy (i.e. alendronate as first-line treatment) would be altered.
Einfach gesagt: Although the current data are insufficient to establish the optimal dose of vitamin K to prevent OA, ensuring sufficient dietary intake seems to protect the elderly from OA.
Chin KY · Nutrients (2020)
However, evidence from clinical trials is limited.
Mechanistic study shows that vitamin K activates matrix gla proteins that inhibit bone morphogenetic protein-mediated cartilage calcification.
Gla-rich proteins also inhibit inflammatory cascade in monocytic cell lines, but this function might be independent of vitamin K-carboxylation.
Einfach gesagt: However, quantification of clinical efficacy in the pre-diabetic population and among individuals with comorbidities requires further investigation.
Karamzad N et al. · BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2020)
A statistically significant effect was also noted with vitamin K in improving dyslipidemia (three studies) as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (five studies) in diabetic animals.
However, no evidence of effect was observed for fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR, and homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function index (two studies).
In conclusion, clinical trials and animal studies confirm that vitamin K supplementation may improve both clinical features and complications of diabetes and pre-diabetes.
19Nutritional adequacy and health outcomesÜbersicht2025
Einfach gesagt: Current evidence does not indicate that the absence of these non-essential nutrients in plant-based diets adversely affects health or confers disadvantages compared to omnivorous diets.
Retinol requirements can be met through the consumption of provitamin A carotenoids in plant foods, even in individuals with reduced conversion efficiency.
Endogenous synthesis adequately supports physiological needs for vitamin K2, and currently available evidence does not consistently demonstrate that dietary vitamin K2 provides additional benefits for bone or cardiovascular health.
Carnitine and creatine levels may differ between individuals following omnivorous and plant-based diets, but these differences do not result in compromised muscle function, cognitive health, or metabolic outcomes.